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The Polder Terminal Concept23 May 2012Eric Smit – Director Business Development, Maritime & WaterwaysRoyal Haskoning
The International Association of Ports & Harborswww.iaphworldports.org
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Innovative “Dutch” Initiative to Sustainable Terminal Design
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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Content
• Royal Haskoning• Defini ti on • Inspiration• Port construction• Polder terminal
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• Polder terminal• Container terminal operations• Polder quay structure• Water management• Conclusions
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Royal Haskoning
n Consultants, architects, planners, engineersn 3,600 professionals n Established in the Netherlands in 1881
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n World-wide global experience delivered locallyn Some 550 staff wo r ki ng in the por ts and shi pyar ds
engineering and consultancy sectors
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“To create solutions for issues which concern the interaction between people and their maritime environment”
Royal Haskoning
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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The ‘innovative’ approach
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Defini ti on of a pol der
A polder is a low-lying tract of land enclosed byembankments (barriers) known as dikes, that forms anartifici al hydrological entity, meaning it has no connectionwith outside water other than through manually-operateddevices.
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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The Netherlands – ‘polder’ country
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Dutch History ‘Exported’
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House within dike-ring – Vicksburg, Mississippi
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And applied ‘domestically’
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Borssele Nuclear Power Plant
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Inspiration
Two events in 2009:
• Interview questionWhat goes wrong on a container terminal when it floods ?
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• Container terminal projectTo be located on a tidal mud flat in As i a
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Bangkok Airport Proposal - 1993
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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Suvarnabhumi Airport ready for floods ?
International Association of Ports & HarborsAirport within 3.5m high and 37m wide earthen dike and sheet piles
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Polder terminal
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• Suvarnabhumi International Airport (Bangkok)• Cost of raising by 2.5m (32 km2)• Settlement problems (20m soft clay)• Polder plan (De Weger / Royal Haskoning, 1993)
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Reliable, Safe
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Port construction
• Few on-shore locations left• Off-shor e devel opme nt s • Land reclamation (MV2 +5m CD)• Large volumes of good quality fill • High dredging, transport and placing cost
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• High dredging, transport and placing cost• Environmental impact of dredging• Soil settlement• Soil improvement
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Polder terminal
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• Container terminal• Tidal mud flat al ong a ri ver • Tens of meters of soft mud• Large volumes of fill requi red • Extensive soil improvement required
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Local knowledge
Prawn Farms, Vietnam
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Terminal operations
Conventional terminal:• Quay, apron and yard all at same level• No problems with horizontal transport
Polder terminal:
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Polder terminal:• Quay on higher level than yard• Operations - horizontal transport?• Quay, apron dike combination?• Dual Trolley Crane System
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Terminal operations
International Association of Ports & HarborsFirst-generation automated container terminal
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Terminal operations
International Association of Ports & HarborsSecond-generation automated container terminal(Euromax and Altenwerder)
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Terminal operations
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Terminal operations
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Crane efficiency i s det ermi n ed by t he shi p t rol l ey performance and not the terminal level
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Quay wall dike structure
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• Conventional structures• Land side wall is anchor wall• Combi wall is seepage screen
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Quay wall dike structure
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Landside view
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Polder terminal layout
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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The concept
Prawn Farms, Vietnam
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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The concept
Prawn Farms, Vietnam
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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The concept
Prawn Farms, Vietnam
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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Water management
Water discharge:
• Discharge sluice• Electric pumping station• Use only wind generated power
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• Use only wind generated power• Water level fluctuations allowed
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Water management
Prawn Farms, Vietnam
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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Water management
Prawn Farms, Vietnam
International Association of Ports & Harbors
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Water management
Collection and storage:
• Polder water fresh or brackish• Water collection and storage system• Drains and gravel beds
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• Drains and gravel beds• Drains and surface water (5%-10%)• Water level fluctuat i on al lowe d (no agr i cul tur e, no
historic buildings• Wetland development (nature compensation inside the
port)• Fish or algae farming
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Water management
International Association of Ports & HarborsWater collection and storage
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Fish & Algae Farming / Wetland Development
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Dredging & Land Reclamation – Asia November 2011
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Wind Energy for the pumps
International Association of Ports & HarborsWater discharge systems energy requirements
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Cost ComparisonC
OST
/m2
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CO
ST/m
SURFACE AREA
Conventional ReclamationPolder
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The psychological factor
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The psychological factor (cont’d)
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Conclusions
• Requires less fill • Less environmental impact through dredging• Nature may be included in terminal• Has been done before (Bangkok)• Less settlement of yard area
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• Less visual impact of yard• Compatible with modern container terminal layout• Existing construction techniques• Adaptable to unanticipated sea level rising