2
The Policy Environment for an Institution of
Higher Education
Myriad Separate Policies Focused on Different Topics Enacted at Different Times By Different Policymaking Bodies For Different Reasons
Typically Consists of:
A Recipe for Contradiction and Confusion
3
Key Components
Planning and Priority Setting
Finance
Evaluation/Accountability
An Effective Policy Environment Is One in Which the Key Components Are Aligned—Mutually Reinforcing.
4
The Management Cycle in a Public Institution
State
Planning
Institution
State
Institution
Resource Allocation
State
Assessment
Institution
5
State Policy Objectives
High Rates of High School Completion of Students Who Have Taken an Academically Rigorous Curriculum
High Levels of College Participation of Both Recent High School Graduates and Adult Learners
High Rates of College Degree Completion
High Levels of Degree Production in Selected Fields
An Economy That Employs a High Proportion of College Graduates
The Flow of FundsEconomy
State and Local Government
FederalGovernment
DonorsFoundationsCorporations
Tax Revenues
Appropriations/GrantsStudent Aid
Tuition
Scholarships &Waivers
Student Aid (Restricted)
Gifts
Income
••••
K-12CorrectionsHealth CareOther Govt.
Higher Education
Students
Research and Other Grants (Restricted)
Community Colleges
WestOahuManoa Hilo
UH System
6
Tax Revenues
Appropriations/GrantsStudent Aid
Tuition
Scholarships &
Waivers
Student Aid(Restricted)
Economy
State and Local Government
FederalGovernment
Income
Students UH System
Community Colleges
WestOahuManoa Hilo
The Flow of Funds
7
8
Criteria for Effective Policy
Reinforce State Priorities
Maintain Necessary Institutional Capacity
Contributions Required Are Affordable—State and Students
Viewed as Being Fair
Transparent
9
Criteria from Perspective of Different
Stakeholders
Maintenance of Institutional Capacity Promotes Achievement of Priority Outcomes Affordable
Affordability Value
Adequacy Equity Stability
State
Students
Institutions
10
The Two Purposes of State Funding Policy
Build Core Capacity—General Purpose Funding
Promote Capacity Utilization Around State Priorities—Special Purpose Funding
12
State Workforce and Economy
Characteristics of Characteristics of Characteristics of
Retirement Ages Retirement Ages
Characteristics ofIn-Migrants
Characteristics ofthe Workforce
Characteristics ofOut-Migrants
Entrants into theWorkforce
Economic Conditions
Net Gain/Loss
Retirement AgesNet Gain/Loss
Who’s Entering the State’s Workforce?
The State Workforce and
Economy
Who’s Leaving the State
Workforce?
17
Projected Change in Hawaii’s Population by Age, 2000-
20
115,146
42,605
71,809
99,03891,283
0
30,000
60,000
90,000
120,000
0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Projections
21
81.9%
99.5%
90.5% 91.4%
75.6%
94.5%
102.4%
114.3%113.1%
124.4%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Actual
PCPI Adjusted125%
Per Capita Personal Income as a Percent of U.S. Average—Hawaii,
1960-2000
26
Educational Attainment and Rank Among States—
Hawaii, 2000 (Percent)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Age 18-24 withHigh School Diploma
Age 25-64 withHigh School Diploma
Age 25-64 withAssociate Degree
Age 25-64 withBachelor’s Degree or Higher
Age 25-64 withGraduate or Prof. Degree
1st
13th
3rd
14th
20th
01020304050
85.8
8.9
28.7
9.5
89.6
2929
30
UH Community Colleges’UH Community Colleges’
Entering Student Placement Entering Student Placement Fall 2003Fall 2003
53
33
36
35
11
32
0
20
40
60
80
100
Math English
Per
cen
t
Adult Basic Developmental Baccalaureate
34
Percent of Adult Population Participating in the
Workforce
Source: Tom Mortenson, Postsecondary Opportunity
71.1
63.460.4
54.3
0
25
50
75
Minnesota
New Hampshire
ColoradoNebraskaVerm
ontW
isconsinUtahIowaSouth DakotaAlaskaM
arylandKansasIndianaW
yoming
ConnecticutM
assachusettsNorth DakotaIdahoW
ashingtonDelawareIllinoisO
regonG
eorgiaM
aineM
issouriM
ontanaNevadaO
hioM
ichiganVirginiaNorth CarolinaNew JerseyRhode IslandUnited StatesTennesseeTexasSouth CarolinaCaliforniaPennsylvaniaO
klahoma
New YorkArizonaHawaiiArkansasKentuckyNew M
exicoAlabam
aLouisianaM
ississippiFloridaW
est Virginia
35
Percent of Population Age 16 and Older
Participating in the Workforce, 2000
Hawaii = 60.4%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census
69.2% to 74.3%64.1% to 69.2%58.1% to 64.1%50.0% to 58.1%1.2% to 50.0%
Not Determined
36
Number of Workers Entering and Leaving the
Workforce in Hawaii
173,794
205,079
106,597
160,488
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2000-10 2010-20
Age 8-17 Age 55-64
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Projections
37
Occupations of Population Age 55-64 (Those Leaving the
Workforce by 2010) Relative to Entire Workforce, 2000
0.7
1.9
2.8
4.2
5.1
8.3
8.1
14.7
11.5
13.6
0.7
1.5
1.6
2.8
4.0
4.9
5.5
7.9
11.5
12.0
15.2
1.3
0 4 8 12 16
Life, Physical & Social Science
Community & Social Services
Healthcare Support
Computer, Math., Architecture & Engineering
Healthcare Practitioners & Technical
Construction & Extraction
Education, Training & Library
Management, Business & Financial Operation
Production, Installation, Maintenance & Repair
Sales & Related
Office & Administrative Support
Percent
Entire Workforce
Age 55-64
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; 5%PUMS Files
38
Percent of Total Gross State Product by Industry and
Comparison to U.S.
1.6
0.1
6.5
3.8
9.3
3.9
11.1
23.4
19.9
20.3
1.2 0.1
4.3
2.7
9.3
3.7
11.2
23.0
22.9 21.5
1.4
1.4
4.7
14.0
8.1
6.7
9.2
20.5
22.0
12.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Agriculture,Forestry &
Fishing
Mining Construction Manufacturing Transp. & PublicUtilities
WholesaleTrade
Retail Trade Finance,Insurance &Real Estate
Services Government
Hawaii 1990
Hawaii 2001
U.S. 2001
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis
39
Percent of Employed Persons 16 and Older by
Industry, 2000
49.0
12.2
8.7 8.1 7.0 6.0
3.5
3.2 2.2 0.0
42.0
11.7
8.3
4.8
6.9
6.8
14.1
3.6 1.5 0.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
Services Retail T rans/Comm Public Admin F.I.R.E. Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Agriculture Mining
Hawaii U.S.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census
40
Percent of Employed Persons 16 and Older by
Occupation, 2000
28.1
20.9
12.9
8.9 8.6 7.1 6.2
3.1 1.6
1.4 1.1
26.7
14.9 13.5
14.6
9.4
6.2 5.7
3.2 2.1
2.4 1.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sales & Office Serv ice Management,Business,
Financial Op
Production,Transportation,
Material Mov ing
Construction,Ex traction,
Maintenance
All Other Education,Training, Library
HealthDiagnosing,
Treating
Engineering &Architecture
Computer &Mathematical
HealthTechnologists &
Technicians
Hawaii U.S.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census
44
Median Earnings by Degree Level
14,900
20,800
22,500
28,000
36,000
45,000
60,000
58,000
16,000
20,000
23,700
28,000
33,000
42,500
52,000
59,000
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
Less thanHigh School
High Schoolor Equivalent
Some College Associate Bachelor's Masters Professional Doctorate
U.S. Hawaii
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; 5% PUMS Files
45
Development Report Card for the States, 2003
Source: Corporation for Enterprise Development
Hawaii
41 University Spin-Outs42 Change in New Companies42 Private Lending to Small Businesses42 Sewage Treatment Needs42 Job Growth Due to New Business43 Change in Average Annual Pay44 Venture Capital Investments45 SBIC Financing45 Income Distribution Change45 Electronic Public Services46 Private R&D47 Technology Industry Employment47 Industrial Diversity48 Crime Rate48 Air Quality48 Bridge Deficiency49 Homeownership Rate49 Patents Issued50 K-12 Educational Expenditures50 Energy Costs50 Employment Growth: Long Term50 Involuntary Part-Time Employment50 Average Teacher Salary50 Voting Rate
Weaknesses (Bottom 10 Rank)
Rank Measure
1 Per Capita Energy Consumption2 Toxic Release Inventory2 Vehicle Miles Traveled3 Health Professional Shortage Areas3 Conversion of Cropland to Other Uses3 Urban Mass Transit7 Manufacturing Investment7 Unemployment Rate7 High School Completion8 Deaths from Heart Disease9 Households with Computers9 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Strengths (Top 10 Rank)
Rank Measure
Employment CEarnings and Job Quality DEquity DQuality of Life DResource Efficiency A
Competitiveness of Existing Bus. DEntrepreneurial Energy F
Human Resources CFinancial Resources FInfrastructure Resources DAmenity Resources CInnovation Assets C
Performance
Business Vitality
DevelopmentCapacity
D
F
F
46
HHAWAI`I: AWAI`I: EEMERGINGMERGING O OPPORTUNITIESPPORTUNITIES
47
The Education Pipeline
48
Key Transition Points in the Education Pipeline
Complete High School
Enter College
Finish College
Enter the Workplace
49
Student Pipeline
86
58
42
28
67
38
26
18
64
38
22
13
38.8
26.7 27.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
Graduate fromPublic High School
Enter College Enroll SophomoreYear
Graduate Within150%
25-44 withBachelor's Degree
Best Performing State U.S. Average Hawaii
Source: NCES, IPEDS 2000 Graduation Rates and Fall 2000 Enrollments. U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census. ACT Institutional Survey 2001. Mortenson High School Graduation Rates and College Going Rates.
Of 100 9th Graders, How Many…
50
Hawaii High School Graduate Projections to 2018 by
Race/Ethnicity
0
3,000
6,000
9,000
12,000
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
American Indian/Alaskan Native (33 to 48)Black (177 to 126)Hispanic (441 to 413)
White (1,917 to 1,125)Asian/Pacific Islander (7,534 to 7,516)
Source: WICHE High School Graduate Projections
53
College Going Rates—First-Time Freshmen Directly Out of
High School as a Percent of Recent High School Graduates, 2000
Source: Tom Mortenson, Postsecondary Opportunity
0
25
50
7569.4
59.8
56.7
38.1
North DakotaM
assachusettsKansasSouth CarolinaRhode IslandNorth CarolinaIowaSouth DakotaM
innesotaNew YorkNew JerseyM
ississippiConnecticutTennesseePennsylvaniaG
eorgiaIndianaDelawareHawaiiIllinoisNebraskaLouisianaNew Ham
pshireNew M
exicoKentuckyM
ichiganAlabam
aFloridaW
isconsinUnited StatesO
hioM
arylandM
ontanaM
aineM
issouriVirginiaArkansasColoradoTexasW
est VirginiaW
yoming
Oregon
ArizonaO
klahoma
CaliforniaVerm
ontIdahoW
ashingtonAlaskaNevadaUtah
54
Percent of First-Time Freshmen Who Attend College Within Their
Reported State of Residence, Fall 2002
Source: NCES, IPEDS Fall 2002 Residency and Migration File
0
25
50
75
100
Mississippi
UtahCaliforniaNorth CarolinaTexasLouisianaArizonaM
ichiganAlabam
aFloridaO
klahoma
South CarolinaIowaKentuckyIndianaArkansasKansasG
eorgiaO
hioPennsylvaniaW
isconsinUnited StatesM
issouriNebraskaW
est VirginiaColoradoTennesseeNew YorkM
innesotaO
regonNevadaIllinoisNew M
exicoW
ashingtonVirginiaIdahoSouth DakotaM
ontanaDelawareM
assachusettsNorth DakotaW
yoming
HawaiiM
arylandRhode IslandM
aineNew JerseyConnecticutAlaskaNew Ham
pshireVerm
ont
94.0
69.6
84.7
46.8
55
Net Imports of First-Time Freshmen
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census
-136
-65
-39
-553
-49
-105
-48
-344
-26
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
Proprietary
Private Non-Profit Other
Private Non-Profit 2-Year
Private Non-Profit 4-Year
Private Non-Profit Research
Public Other
Public 2-Year
Public 4-Year
Public Research
57
Part-Time Undergraduate Enrollment as a Percent of
Population Age 25-44, 2000
Source: NCES-IPEDS, U.S. Census Bureau
0
3
6
9
12
10.8
6.2
3.8
3.3
ArizonaCaliforniaUtahNew M
exicoKansasAlaskaW
yoming
NevadaIllinoisO
regonM
ichiganNebraskaColoradoFloridaM
issouriW
ashingtonRhode IslandW
isconsinUnited StatesM
arylandTexasM
innesotaVirginiaIowaO
klahoma
DelawareM
aineNorth CarolinaHawaiiM
assachusettsAlabam
aConnecticutIdahoO
hioSouth DakotaVerm
ontIndianaSouth CarolinaNew Ham
pshireNew JerseyTennesseeArkansasNew YorkKentuckyG
eorgiaLouisianaM
ississippiNorth DakotaW
est VirginiaPennsylvaniaM
ontana
58
Associate Degrees Awarded per 100 High School Graduates
Three Years Earlier, 2002
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions Survey, WICHE
0
15
30
4541.5
21.1
11.5
FloridaRhode IslandW
ashingtonW
yoming
ArizonaNew YorkUtahIdahoCaliforniaIowaM
ississippiHawaiiKansasM
assachusettsNorth CarolinaVerm
ontUnited StatesNew Ham
pshireO
regonNorth DakotaNew M
exicoColoradoIllinoisO
klahoma
South CarolinaM
issouriNebraskaM
innesotaM
ichiganIndianaPennsylvaniaNevadaSouth DakotaAlabam
aW
isconsinKentuckyVirginiaNew JerseyO
hioTexasArkansasTennesseeW
est VirginiaDelawareM
arylandM
aineAlaskaM
ontanaConnecticutG
eorgiaLouisiana
23.5
59
Number of Associate Degrees and Certificates in Health Sciences Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Three Years Earlier, 2000
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates, 2000
17.4 16.5
12.6
12.6
12.4
10.4
10.3
10.0
9.9
9.8 9.3
9.3
9.3
9.3 9.1 8.8 8.3
8.2 8.0 7.7
7.6 7.3
7.3 7.1
7.1
7.0 6.8
6.7 6.3
6.2 6.0
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8 5.6
5.5
5.5
4.5 4.3
4.3
4.2 3.9 3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.1
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
ArizonaW
isconsinKansasColoradoFloridaNorth CarolinaLouisianaKentuckyIowaG
eorgiaSouth CarolinaIllinoisW
ashingtonM
ississippiM
innesotaVirginiaTennesseeAlabam
aArkansasSouth DakotaIndianaUtahUnited StatesIdahoM
issouriNew M
exicoW
est VirginiaW
yoming
Oregon
DelawareCaliforniaNew Ham
pshireNevadaM
ichiganNebraskaO
hioTexasM
aineM
assachusettsNew YorkPennsylvaniaNorth DakotaRhode IslandO
klahoma
Montana
Vermont
HawaiiM
arylandAlaskaConnecticutNew Jersey
60
Number of Associate Degrees and Certificates in Computer Science and Business Information Systems Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Three Years Earlier, 2000
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates 2000
6.4
5.1
4.6
4.6 4.5
3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4
3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0
3.0 2.9
2.9 2.8
2.8 2.7
2.7 2.6
2.6
2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3
2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9
1.9 1.8
1.8 1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7 1.6
1.6
1.6 1.5
1.5 1.4
1.4 1.2 1.1
1.1
1.1 0.9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Georgia
Washington
ArizonaNorth CarolinaFloridaM
issouriSouth DakotaVirginiaHawaiiColoradoIowaM
innesotaRhode IslandNebraskaSouth CarolinaIllinoisCaliforniaUnited StatesNew YorkNew Ham
pshirePennsylvaniaKentuckyIndianaW
isconsinAlabam
aM
arylandNevadaO
hioTexasArkansasTennesseeO
regonLouisianaUtahKansasM
assachusettsW
est VirginiaM
ississippiM
ontanaM
ichiganNorth DakotaNew M
exicoNew JerseyW
yoming
Oklahom
aDelawareIdahoConnecticutVerm
ontAlaskaM
aine
61
Number of Associate Degrees and Certificates in Engineering Technology Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Three Years Earlier, 2000
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates 2000
4.8
3.7
3.3 3.2
3.2
3.0
3.0 2.9
2.7 2.6 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1
2.1 2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0 1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9 1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6 1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3 1.2
1.2
1.2 1.1
1.1
1.1 1.0
1.0
1.0 0.9
0.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
HawaiiRhode IslandArizonaNorth DakotaDelawareIndianaVirginiaNebraskaM
issouriPennsylvaniaNorth CarolinaM
ichiganO
hioW
ashingtonO
regonNew M
exicoKentuckyFloridaAlaskaAlabam
aColoradoTexasW
est VirginiaLouisianaUnited StatesSouth CarolinaIowaSouth DakotaArkansasVerm
ontM
innesotaCaliforniaNew YorkW
isconsinTennesseeIllinoisM
assachusettsIdahoM
ississippiM
aineG
eorgiaUtahConnecticutNew Ham
pshireO
klahoma
Montana
Wyom
ingNevadaM
arylandKansasNew Jersey
62
Number of Associate Degrees and Certificates in Biological Sciences and Science Technology Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Three Years Earlier, 2000
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates 2000
62.5
53.7
38.0
36.5 34.3
33.2
18.8
17.4
16.3 14.2
13.7
12.7
12.0 10.5 8.5 8.0
7.6
7.3
7.2 6.7
6.4
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.2 4.4
4.3 3.7
3.7
3.6 3.0
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.4 0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
KansasW
yoming
West Virginia
TennesseeUtahTexasO
klahoma
LouisianaCaliforniaDelawareIdahoM
ississippiSouth CarolinaUnited StatesM
ichiganRhode IslandNew M
exicoO
hioPennsylvaniaNevadaM
assachusettsNew YorkColoradoNebraskaNew Ham
pshireIndianaNew JerseyM
issouriKentuckyIowaConnecticutVerm
ontM
arylandM
aineArizonaAlaskaW
ashingtonG
eorgiaW
isconsinM
innesotaO
regonM
ontanaAlabam
aFloridaNorth CarolinaIllinoisArkansasHawaiiNorth DakotaSouth DakotaVirginia
63
Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded per 100 High School Graduates
Six Years Earlier, 2002
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions Survey, WICHE
0
25
50
75
100 98.5
50.8
39.4
22.3
Rhode IslandM
assachusettsVerm
ontDelawareColoradoArizonaUtahNew Ham
pshireNew YorkNorth CarolinaM
issouriIowaNorth DakotaPennsylvaniaFloridaKansasIndianaNebraskaW
ashingtonVirginiaM
ichiganUnited StatesO
regonW
isconsinM
ontanaAlabam
aM
arylandSouth CarolinaIllinoisSouth DakotaConnecticutO
klahoma
TennesseeLouisianaM
innesotaCaliforniaG
eorgiaM
ississippiO
hioTexasW
est VirginiaNevadaKentuckyM
aineHawaiiNew M
exicoArkansasNew JerseyIdahoW
yoming
Alaska
64
Number of Baccalaureate Degrees in Education Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Six Years Earlier, 1997
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates 1997
8.1 8.0
7.6
7.1 7.0 6.8
6.8 6.7 6.6
6.6 6.3
6.3
6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6
5.6 5.5 5.4
5.4 5.3
5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9
4.9
4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3
4.3 4.1 3.9 3.6
3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5
2.5 2.2
2.2 2.1
1.2 1.1 0.9
0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DelawareNorth DakotaRhode IslandIndianaIowaAlabam
aNebraskaM
ississippiArizonaM
ontanaSouth DakotaUtahKansasNevadaO
klahoma
West Virginia
IdahoPennsylvaniaM
issouriM
innesotaNew M
exicoO
hioIllinoisNew YorkM
ichiganArkansasG
eorgiaLouisianaKentuckyFloridaM
aineW
isconsinSouth CarolinaNorth CarolinaW
yoming
United StatesNew Ham
pshireVerm
ontM
assachusettsTennesseeM
arylandW
ashingtonHawaiiNew JerseyAlaskaConnecticutO
regonVirginiaTexasCaliforniaColorado
65
Number of Baccalaureate Degrees in Health Sciences Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Six Years Earlier, 1997
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates 1997
7.4
5.1
4.7 4.6
4.2 4.0 3.8
3.8
3.8 3.7 3.6
3.6 3.5 3.4
3.4 3.3 3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2 3.1
3.1 3.0
3.0
3.0 2.9 2.7
2.7
2.7 2.6
2.6
2.6 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5 2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4 2.3
2.3
2.3 2.2 2.1
2.1 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
North DakotaNebraskaDelawareSouth DakotaLouisianaM
aineM
issouriW
est VirginiaArkansasAlabam
aKansasPennsylvaniaIndianaRhode IslandM
assachusettsNorth CarolinaNew YorkM
ississippiIdahoNew Ham
pshireFloridaM
ichiganW
isconsinUtahConnecticutVirginiaUnited StatesO
hioTennesseeG
eorgiaHawaiiIllinoisM
arylandIowaO
regonKentuckyNew M
exicoO
klahoma
ArizonaM
ontanaColoradoNevadaTexasM
innesotaW
ashingtonSouth CarolinaVerm
ontW
yoming
AlaskaCaliforniaNew Jersey
66
Number of Baccalaureate Degrees in Computer Science and Business Information Systems Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Six Years Earlier, 1997
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates 1997
6.4
5.8
5.1
4.5
4.2 4.1 3.9
3.9 3.8
3.8 3.7 3.5
3.5
3.2
3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8
2.8
2.8 2.7
2.7 2.6
2.6
2.6 2.5
2.5
2.5 2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4 2.3
2.3
2.3 2.1
2.1
2.1 2.0 1.9
1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4
1.4
1.4 1.2 1.0
0.7
0.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ArizonaRhode IslandM
issouriG
eorgiaM
arylandFloridaColoradoNebraskaUtahNew YorkHawaiiNorth DakotaM
assachusettsPennsylvaniaIllinoisNorth CarolinaUnited StatesKansasIowaNew Ham
pshireSouth DakotaTexasArkansasM
ichiganW
ashingtonM
innesotaAlabam
aVirginiaNew M
exicoCaliforniaNew JerseyNevadaO
hioW
isconsinIndianaO
klahoma
LouisianaO
regonM
ississippiConnecticutDelawareTennesseeSouth CarolinaIdahoKentuckyVerm
ontW
est VirginiaM
ontanaAlaskaM
aineW
yoming
67
Number of Baccalaureate Degrees in Engineering Awarded (2003) Per 100 High School Graduates Six Years Earlier, 1997
Source: NCES-IPEDS Completions 2002-03; WICHE High School Graduates 1997
4.6 4.5
4.0
3.8 3.7
3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7 2.6
2.6
2.6 2.5
2.5
2.5 2.4
2.4
2.4 2.3
2.3 2.2
2.2
2.2 2.1 2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6 1.5 1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.1
0.7
0.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
North DakotaColoradoM
ichiganM
assachusettsM
ontanaPennsylvaniaIndianaSouth DakotaUtahIowaAlabam
aArizonaDelawareNorth CarolinaW
isconsinRhode IslandNew YorkM
arylandVirginiaLouisianaFloridaW
yoming
United StatesNew M
exicoKansasO
hioCaliforniaG
eorgiaTennesseeO
regonO
klahoma
West Virginia
Missouri
Washington
TexasIdahoIllinoisNew JerseyVerm
ontSouth CarolinaM
aineConnecticutM
innesotaNew Ham
pshireNevadaArkansasNebraskaM
ississippiKentuckyHawaiiAlaska
72
Migration
73
607
-5,778
-11,761
-1,787
-1,962
603
-20,078
-25,000 -20,000 -15,000 -10,000 -5,000 0 5,000
806
1,151
-2,132
-819
2,108
1,187
2,301
-3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000
Hawaii Net Migration by Degree Level and Age Group
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; 5% Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) Files
22- to 29-Year-Olds 30- to 64-Year-Olds
Less than High School
High School
Some College
Associate
Bachelor’s
Graduate/Professional
Total
75
Occupations with High Net Imports and Exports, 1995-2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; 5% PUMS Files
All 22- to 29-Year-Olds
Construction Trades Workers
Material Moving Workers
Other Production Occupations
Financial Clerks
Supervisors, Sales Workers
Law Enforcement Workers
Material Recording, Scheduling, Dispatching, & Distributing Workers
Financial Specialists
Computer Specialists
Retail Sales Workers
Air Transportation Workers
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners
Vehicle & Mobile Equipment Mechanics, Installers, & Repairers
Operations Specialties Managers
Other Military Occupations
Electrical & Electronic Equipment Mechanics, Installers, & Repairers
First-Line Enlisted Military Supervisor/Managers
Military Officer Special & Tactical Operations Leaders/Managers
Cooks & Food Preparation Workers
Military Enlisted Tactical Operations & Air/Weapons Specialists & Crew
-998
-584
-568
-549
-404
-385
-349
-343
-274
263
354
367
371
388
445
473
599
803
1,494
-439
-1,000 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500
76
Occupations with High Net Imports and Exports, 1995-2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; 5% PUMS Files
22- to 29-Year-Olds with College Degrees
-230
-170
-136
-131
-107
-102
-96
-96
-89
123
135
139
152
170
213
250
338
379
469
-124
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Computer Specialists
Construction Trades Workers
Financial Specialists
Sales Representatives, Services
Law Enforcement Workers
Financial Clerks
Secretaries & Administrative Assistants
Media & Communication Equipment Workers
Business Operations Specialists
Other Office & Administrative Support Workers
Lawyers, Judges, & Related Workers
First-Line Enlisted Military Supervisor/Managers
Information & Record Clerks
Postsecondary Teachers
Other Management Occupations
Food & Beverage Serving Workers
Air Transportation Workers
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners
Operations Specialties Managers
Military Officer Special & Tactical Operations Leaders/Managers
77
Occupations with High Net Imports and Exports, 1995-2000
All 30- to 64-Year-Olds
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; 5% PUMS Files
-1,721
-1,402
-1,280
-978
-818
-765
-757
-722
-713
117
152
153
164
248
254
283
290
443
677
-843
-2,000 -1,500 -1,000 -500 0 500 1,000
Business Operations Specialists
Information & Record Clerks
Computer Specialists
Supervisors, Sales Workers
Operations Specialties Managers
Construction Trades Workers
Other Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Occupations
Law Enforcement Workers
Secretaries & Administrative Assistants
Supervisors, Office & Administrative Support Workers
Fishing & Hunting Workers
Grounds Maintenance Workers
First-Line Enlisted Military Supervisor/Managers
Other Protective Service Workers
Social Scientists & Related Workers
Other Food Preparation & Serving Related Workers
Textile, Apparel, & Furnishings Workers
Cooks & Food Preparation Workers
Building Cleaning & Pest Control Workers
Agricultural Workers
78
Occupations with High Net Imports and Exports, 1995-2000
30- to 64-Year-Olds with College Degrees
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; 5% PUMS Files
-953
-552
-521
-477
-367
-349
-332
-280
-230
100
103
104
121
134
136
183
197
217
268
-429
-1,000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400
Computer Specialists
Supervisors, Sales Workers
Financial Specialists
Business Operations Specialists
Operations Specialties Managers
Supervisors, Office & Administrative Support Workers
Law Enforcement Workers
Financial Clerks
Military Enlisted Tactical Ops. & Air/Weapons Specialists & Crew
Other Management Occupations
Supervisors of Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Workers
Other Education, Training, & Library Occupations
Supervisors, Food Preparation & Serving Workers
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners
Building Cleaning & Pest Control Workers
First-Line Enlisted Military Supervisor/Managers
Agricultural Workers
Other Military Occupations
Social Scientists & Related Workers
Other Protective Service Workers
79
Finance Policy—The Options
Core Capacity
CapacityUtilization/
Public Agenda
Institution StudentFocused Focused
Tuition and Aid Policy Focused on
Revenue Generation
Tuition and Aid Policy Focused on Attainment of Specified Outcomes
Base-Plus Formulas Investment
Funds
Performance Funding Need-Based
Merit-Based
Tax Revenues
Appropriations/GrantsStudent Aid
Tuition
Scholarships &
Waivers
Student Aid(Restricted)
Economy
State and Local Government
FederalGovernment
Income
Students UH System
Community Colleges
WestOahuManoa Hilo
The Flow of Funds
80
81
Basic Questions at State Level
How Much to Allocate
To Which Recipients—Students or Institutions
Using Which Mechanisms
82
State and Local Surplus or Shortfall as a Percent of
Baseline Revenues in Year 2010
Source: Rockefeller Institute of Government 2002
1 23456789
1011121314151617
Vermont 3.1North Dakota 2.2Maine 1.3New Jersey 0.6Delaware 0.2Wisconsin 0.0Kansas -0.3Montana -0.4Maryland -0.5New Hampshire -0.6Arizona -0.7Massachusetts -0.8Utah -0.8Oklahoma -1.3Oregon -1.3Nebraska -1.4Ohio -1.4
Rank State Percent181920212223242526272829
30313233
South Dakota -1.7Michigan -1.7Rhode Island -1.9Minnesota -1.9Colorado -2.3Alaska -2.4California -2.5Connecticut -2.9West Virginia -2.9Pennsylvania -2.9Virginia -3.0Georgia -3.2United States -3.4Kentucky -3.4Arkansas -3.5Hawaii -3.6New Mexico -3.6
Rank State Percent3435363738394041424344454647484950
Iowa -3.7New York -3.8Illinois -4.2Missouri -4.7Washington -4.9Idaho -5.0Indiana -5.2North Carolina -5.6Texas -5.7Florida -5.7South Carolina -6.3Wyoming -7.8Mississippi -8.6Louisiana -8.8Alabama -9.2Nevada -9.2Tennessee -9.7
Rank State Percent
83
Percentage Change in Spending to Maintain
Current Services
H.E.
8-Year Spending Growth Rate
1 23456789
101112131415161718
192021222324
NevadaNew JerseyVirginiaConnecticutMassachusettsIllinoisArizonaPennsylvaniaDelawareColoradoMarylandRhode IslandMichiganCaliforniaNorth CarolinaFloridaNew YorkAlaskaUnited StatesOhioNew HampshireMissouriTennesseeIndianaWisconsin
Rank State
Annual Avg. Advantage for
Higher Ed. All Programs1.91.30.60.40.30.30.30.1
-0.1-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.3-0.3-0.3-0.6-0.6-0.7-0.7-0.7-0.7-0.7-0.9-1.0-1.1
67.539.547.440.039.939.259.937.542.650.342.638.937.552.255.357.544.141.847.440.246.843.651.945.838.9
93.654.154.344.643.642.563.138.341.948.540.837.034.248.551.351.037.434.740.032.739.135.641.535.327.9
H.E.
8-Year Spending Growth Rate
2526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950
GeorgiaKentuckyTexasIowaMinnesotaSouth CarolinaWashingtonKansasOklahomaArkansasHawaiiWest VirginiaOregonNebraskaMontanaAlabamaMaineUtahIdahoMississippiVermontLouisianaNorth DakotaSouth DakotaNew MexicoWyoming
Rank State
Annual Avg. Advantage for
Higher Ed. All Programs-1.0-1.1-1.2-1.5-1.5-1.4-1.5-1.7-1.7-1.7-1.9-2.0-1.9-2.1-2.2-2.0-2.2-2.1-2.2-2.2-2.9-2.7-3.3-3.2-3.0-4.5
59.247.956.141.742.159.451.039.340.546.943.943.752.540.836.849.642.551.254.952.937.846.733.738.153.444.1
47.335.542.726.627.043.834.522.623.528.523.922.731.419.515.127.820.128.731.028.910.218.8
3.37.2
21.91.6
Source: Rockefeller Institute of Government 2002
84
Tax Capacity vs. Tax Effort—Indexed to U.S. Average,
1980-2002 (Hawaii)
80
100
120
140
160
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
Source: Kent Halstead and State Higher Education Executive Officers
U.S. Average
Tax Capacity
Tax Effort
85
Higher Education Appropriations as a Percent of Tax
Revenues—Indexed to U.S. Average, 1980-2002 (Hawaii)
60
80
100
120
140
160
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
Source: Kent Halstead and State Higher Education Executive Officers
U.S. Average
86
State Appropriations per Student vs. Family Share of
Funding—Indexed to U.S. Average, 1980-2002 (Hawaii)
0
50
100
150
200
250
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
Source: Kent Halstead and State Higher Education Executive Officers
U.S. Average
State Appropriations per Student
Family Share of Funding
87
Alignment of Policies
Appropriations to Institutions
Tuition and Fees
State Student Financial Aid
Institutional Student Financial Aid
Regarding:
88
Funding to Institutions—Core Capacity
Base-Plus
Formulas
Investment Funds
90
Additional Revenues Required to Reach Peer Group
Medians (Unadjusted for Cost of Living, In Thousands)
Source: NCHEMS, NCES, IPEDS 2002-03 Finance Data Sets Fiscal Years 1998, and 2001
UH Manoa $46,530 $66,865
UH Hilo 1,248 2,303
UH West Oahu 310 2,219
Kauai CC 0 0
Hawaii CC 2,383 3,289
Maui CC 92 3
Honolulu CC 634 3,195
Kapiolani CC 2 503
Windward CC 1,300 1,500
Leeward CC 0 2,509
Total $52,499 $82,386
1998 2001
91
Funding to Students—Core Capacity—Revenue
Generation
Base Institutional Tuition
Mandatory Fees
Out-of-State Tuition
Differential Tuition
Scholarships and Fellowships
92
Tuition and Fees Per FTE Student, 2002-03
Source: NCHEMS, NCES, IPEDS 2002-03 Finance Data Set
$5,708
$6,225
$3,999
$4,346
$3,123
$3,489
$3,148
$3,993
$3,369
$9,930$3,780
$2,231$909
$2,217$1,295
$1,695$276
$1,542$362
$2,040$244
$1,826$826
$2,369$536
$1,422$207
$1,773$309
$0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000
UH Manoa
UH Hilo
UH West Oahu
Kauai CC
Hawaii CC
Maui CC
Honolulu CC
Kapiolani CC
Windward CC
Leeward CC
93
Tuition and Fee Revenues Per FTE Student as a
Percent of Peer Group Medians, 2002-03
Source: NCHEMS, NCES, IPEDS 2002-03 Finance Data Set
47.3
65.9
88.5
97.8
107.3
118.3
137.1
141.3
141.9
74.2
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
UH West Oahu
Windward CC
UH Manoa
UH Hilo
Hawaii CC
Honolulu CC
Kapiolani CC
Kauai CC
Maui CC
Leeward CC
94
Tuition & Fees as a Percent of State & Local
Appropriations and Tuition & Fees, 2002-03
Source: NCHEMS, NCES, IPEDS 2002-03 Finance Data Set
55.2
67.9
49.9
51.3
75.2
46.4
53.5
60.7
43.2
18.8
20.18.7
24.48.7
100.013.74.0
16.05.1
24.46.3
22.110.8
30.18.2
20.94.0
26.96.9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
UH Manoa
UH Hilo
UH West Oahu
Kauai CC
Hawaii CC
Maui CC
Honolulu CC
Kapiolani CC
Windward CC
Leeward CC
95
96
Tuition and Fees as a Percent of Low Quintile
Median Family Income, 2002-03
Source: NCES, IPEDS 2002-03 Institutional Characteristics FileU.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, March Current Population Surveys 2001-03
42.1
41.8
37.8
28.9
38.2
49.6
35.1
47.3
42.5
42.5
25.822.2
18.314.8
15.810.4
8.17.6
8.34.0
8.12.4
8.22.2
8.42.8
8.12.8
8.12.3
0 10 20 30 40 50
UH Manoa
UH Hilo
UH West Oahu
Kauai CC
Hawaii CC
Maui CC
Honolulu CC
Kapiolani CC
Windward CC
Leeward CC
97
Tuition and Fees as a Proportion of Low Quintile Median
Family Income, 2002-03 (Campus minus peer group median)
Source: NCHEMS, NCES, IPEDS 2002-03 Finance Data Set
-4.5
-4.9
-7.4
-7.6
-8.2
-8.3
-8.4
-8.7
-9.1
-6.0
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Honolulu CC
Kauai CC
Maui CC
Windward CC
Hawaii CC
Leeward CC
UH West Oahu
UH Hilo
UH Manoa
Kapiolani CC
98
Funding Institutions—Capacity Utilization
Performance Funding
99
Funding Students—Capacity Utilization
Need-Based Aid
Merit-Based Aid
100
Relationships Between “Need-Based” and
“Merit-Based” Aid
Merit-BasedMerit-BasedNeed-BasedNeed-Based
101
Conclusions
Clear Understanding of Priorities
Creation/Maintenance of Necessary Capacity
Alignment of Policies Concerning: Institutional Support Tuition and Fees State Student Financial Aid Institutional Student Financial Aid
Cost-Effective Policy Requires:
102
Achieving Alignment
No Simple Answers
Shared Information About Key Factors Is Crucial
Adequacy of Institutional Funding
Affordability to Students
Availability of State Funding
(continued)
103
Achieving Alignment (cont.)
Common Interpretation Is Similarly Crucial
Institutional Funding Is Adequate/Inadequate
Cost of Attendance Is Affordable/Unaffordable
State Resources Will Be Available/Unavailable
Develop an Overall Strategy that Fits the Circumstances
Develop “Compacts” Between State and Institutions