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The Present Subjunctive
Page 132 – Chapter 3Realidades 3
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The Subjunctive
Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.
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The Subjunctive
Aprendo francés para mi viaje.
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The Subjunctive
Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.
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The Subjunctive
We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.
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The Subjunctive
A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.
For example:
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The Subjunctive
Quiero que tú respires lentamente.
I want you to breathe slowly.
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The Subjunctive
Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.
I suggest that you drink water before running.
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The Subjunctive
El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.
The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.
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The Subjunctive
You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.
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The Subjunctive
Es necesario que hagas ejercicio. It’s necessary that you do exercise. Es importante que los jóvenes
coman bien. It’s important that the young people
eat well.
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The Subjunctive
Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:
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2 Clauses
Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés
Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb
Separated by the word “que”
Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”
Indicative Verb
Subjunctive Verb
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The Subjunctive
The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).
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The Subjunctive
Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive:
Decir Insistir en Necesitar Permitir Preferir (e > ie)
Prohibir Querer (e > ie) Recomendar (e > ie) Sugerir (e > ie)
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The Subjunctive
We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.
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The Subjunctive
We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.
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The Subjunctive
For -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, enFor -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an
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SALTAR – to jump
salte
saltes
salte
saltemos
saltéis
salten
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CONOCER – to know
conozca
conozcas
conozca
conozcamos
conozcáis
conozcan
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DECIR – to say/tell
diga
digas
diga
digamos
digáis
digan
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The Subjunctive
The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
caersedecirhacerponersalir
tenertraer
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
hacer hag-o haga
tener teng-o tenga
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
buscar busco busque
pagar pago pague
cruzar cruzo cruce