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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
The Principles of converting to ‘same day care’: Lessons learnt in Day Surgery?
Mr Kian Chin FRCSBADS Executive Council General & Breast Oncoplastic SurgeonMilton Keynes University Hospital NHSFT20th July2016
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Is day surgery better than in-patient surgery ?
Not evidence based
but…
Day Surgery is a
process not a
procedure
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Patients Like Day Surgery
• Quality Care
– early recovery
– minimal disruption
– comfort of own home
• Patient-centred Pathway
• Better Care, Safer Care ?
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
1. Timeline
2. Government Funding
3. Pathway Re-Design
4. Facilities
5. Benchmarking
6. Incentivisation
7. Sustainability
8. Emergency Day Surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Timeline
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Father of Modern Day Surgery
• 1899-1908 reported on 8988 ops
• performed at the Sick Childrens’Hospital & Dispensary, Glasgow
BMJ 2:753, 1909
James H. Nicoll(1864–1921)
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Ralph M. Waters
(1883–1979)
1919:
The Down-Town Anesthesia Clinic,
Sioux City,
Woodbury & Plymouth Counties
USA
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
USA:1900s
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Case Inguinal Hernia 1955
458 Consecutive Day Case Inguinal Hernia RepairsFarquharson EL, Lancet
1955;ii:517-9Eric L Farquharson
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Little progress
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Early UK Day Surgery
Late 1970s – early 1980s
– pioneering enthusiasts
– local developments
– medical & nursing establishment apathetic
Required a coordinated approach
- British Association of Day Surgery
- Formed 1989
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Government Funding
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
75% Of Elective Surgery To Be Performed On A Day Case Basis
White Paper, 2000
Alan Milburn 1999-2003
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Government Initiatives
NHS Modernisation Agency
– 2002–5
– Clinical Champions
– Lost momentum
Enhanced Recovery Prog
– time limited support
– losing momentum
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Surgery Pathway
“Day surgery is the admission of selected patients to hospital for a planned surgical procedure, returning home on the same day.
Day Surgery:Operational Guide. DoH,
London,2002
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
10 High Impact Changes
NHS Modernisation Agency, 2004
John Reid 2003-5
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Service Improvement and Delivery
Top High Impact factor:
Treat day surgery (rather than in-patient surgery) as
the norm for elective surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
2009 DoH Enhanced Recovery Programme
Pre OperativeOptimise health Preassessment
Patient information
Patient expectation Discharge Planning
Intra OperativeMinimally invasive Regional anaesthesia
Goal directed fluid therapy
Post OperativePlanned mobilisation Regular analgesia
Avoid opiates Minimal drains
DischargePlanned Patient Information Follow up if required
Andy Burnham 2009-10
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Pathway Re-Design
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
It is a MDT approach
•‘Systemic approach’
•‘Collate evidence’
•‘Patient Experience’
•
•‘Engagement’
•‘Create a common
purpose’
•‘Give right messages’
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Monitoring
Collaboration
Learning &
Unlearning
Patient centred
Alignment with
opprtunities
Leadership
Engagement
Accountability
Spread simple
messages
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Key Areas on the Patient Administative Pathway
Rate limiting steps
1. Admission Criteria
2. Default Position
3. Operational Guide
4. Discharge Process
Domains
1. Quality
2. Cost
3. Safety
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Preoperative assessment
Default to Day Surgery
• Can this patient be a day case ?
• Is there any reason this patient cannot be a day case ?
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Nurse-Led Discharge protocol
Discharge Criteria:
•Vital signs stable
•Orientation
•Pain controlled
•Oral analgesics supplied
•Understands medication
•Ability to dress and walk
•Minimal nausea & vomiting
•Minimal wound bleeding
•Responsible adult to take them home
•Carer at home for next 24 hrs
•Driving after surgery
•Passing urine before discharge
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Nurse-Led Discharge protocol
Discharge Criteria:
•Vital signs stable
•Orientation
•Pain controlled
•Oral analgesics supplied
•Understands medication
•Ability to dress and walk
•Minimal nausea & vomiting
•Minimal wound bleeding
•Responsible adult to take them home
•Carer at home for next 24 hrs
•Driving after surgery
•Passing urine before discharge
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Some clinical practice
were just clinical
myths!!
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Passing Urine
“Passing urine for patients at low risk of post-operative urinary retention is not essential before going home.”
Jackson I, McWhinnie D, Skues MThe pathway to success.
BADS London 2012
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Passing Urine
“Passing urine for patients at low risk of post-operative urinary retention is not essential before going home.”
Jackson I, McWhinnie D, Skues MThe pathway to success.
BADS London 2012
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Facilities
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Facilities: What’s Special?
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Patient Admission Dedicated Facilities for day surgery
Unplanned admissions
Dedicated day unit - 1.0 %
In-patient ward - 17.0 %
Satellite day unit - 2.7 %
Day Surgery in Different GuisesFehrmann K, Matthews CM, Stocker ME
J One-Day Surgery 2011; 19;39-47
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Surgery vs Inpatient Nursing
• Higher turnover
• Lower dependency
– time for individual needs
– different priorities
• Wider ranging
– sub-specialty skills
– value of protocols
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Medical Staffing
The high standards required demand that
– operator & anaesthetist must be experienced
– trainees should be personally supervised
– requires higher consultant ratio
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British Association of Day Surgery
Choice of Anaesthetist
Grade
Consultant
Career Grade
Trainee
Numberof cases
36,719
11,657
9,908
Unplannedadmission rate
2.3%
3.1%
3.3%
Hanousek, et al. —Anaesthesia 64:152, 2009
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Benchmarking
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
“The NHS Plan envisages that 75% of all Elective Surgery will be carried out as a day case in the
near future”
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
But....
This data includes “diagnostics” and non surgical interventions...
• Radiology• Endoscopy• Transfusion
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
“The NHS Plan envisages that 75% of all Elective Surgery will be carried out as a day case in the
near future”
Definition: “near future” = 2032
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Audit Commission’s Basket of 25 Procedures 2001
Cataract Extraction
Excision Breast Lump
Carpal Tunnel Decompression
Bat Ears
R/O Metalwork
Bunion Operations
Laparoscopy
Tonsillectomy
TURBT
Squint Correction
Orchidopexy
Anal Fissure
D&C / Hysteroscopy
Nasal Fractures
Myringotomy
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Excision of Ganglion
Hernia Repair
Varicose Veins
Dupuytren’s Contracture
Haemorrhoidectomy
Circumcision
Arthroscopy
SMR
Termination of pregnancy
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Problems with index procedures: “Basket Problems”
• Not representative
• The Basket represents only 30% of all Day Surgery activity
• No recognition of the Short Stay Pathway
• No recognition for innovation
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
BADS Directory 4th Edition (2012)
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Short Stay Equation
Scenario I– 100 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies
• 50 Day Cases
• 30 Overnight Admission
• 20 Two Night Admission
Total 70 Inpatient Bed Days
Scenario II– 100 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies
• 40 Day Cases
• 50 Overnight Admission
• 10 Two Night Admission
Total 60 Inpatient Bed Days
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Surgical Sub-specialties
Breast SurgeryENTGeneral SurgeryGynaecologyHead and Neck SurgeryOphthalmologyOrthopaedicsPaediatric SurgeryUrologyVascularEmergency SurgeryMedical Procedures
12 sub-specialties> 180 procedures
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Case Nephrectomy
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British Association of Day Surgery
Day Case Brain
Surgery?
Weidmann & Grundy —
J One-day Surg 18: 45, 2008
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Medical Approach:
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Incentivisation
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Payment by ResultsBADS/PbR Steering Group
2010-2011
• Same tariff for DC and IP
• Best Practice tariff for DC laparoscopic cholecystectomy
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
The Development of ‘Best Practice’ Tariff
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Promoting Quality Day Care
Best Practice Tariff – Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
2012/13 Daycase
tariff (£)
Elective spell
tariff (£)
GA10D Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with length of stay 1 day or more without CC - 1,367
GA10E Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with length of stay 0 days without CC 1,662 1,367
Planned as day caseDischarged day of surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Tariff incentivisation for 2011-12 Enhanced reimbursement
•Breast Surgery
•Hernia Surgery
•Orthopaedic Forefoot Surgery
………….IF performed as Day Case!!
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British Association of Day Surgery
Impact of Best Practice Tariff
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 2008 2009
%Lap
Choleas
Day Case
2010
Best practice tariff
Howard, et al. J One-day Surg 21: 4, 2011
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Case Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy1999-2000
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Case Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy2008-09
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Rank order
DC
ra
te (
%)
Acute
Teaching
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Over the last 10 years
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Sustainability
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
NHS Institute for innovation and Improvement toolkit
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British Association of Day Surgery
0
25
50
75
100Start Oct 2008
Start of Programme
Daysurgery
rate(%)
TrustsSmith, et al. —J One-day Surg 20: 80, 2010
A B C D E F G H I
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
It Won’t Work Here…
Rural population
Urban population
Teaching hospital
DGH
Local poverty
Local co-morbidities
DSU capacity
Layout of wards/theatres
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British Association of Day Surgery
0
25
50
75
100Start Oct 2008
Applying Basic Principles
Daysurgery
rate(%)
Trusts Smith, et al. —J One-day Surg 20: 80, 2010
End Nov 2009
A B C D E F G H I
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British Association of Day Surgery
0
25
50
75
100Start Oct 2008
Sustainable?
Daysurgery
rate(%)
Trusts
End Nov 2009
National Data, Mid 2012
A B C D E F G H I
Data from:www.productivity.nhs.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery
0
25
50
75
100Start Oct 2008
Sustainable?
Daysurgery
rate(%)
National
Trusts
End Nov 2009
National Data, Mid 2012
A B C D E F G H I
Data from:www.productivity.nhs.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Emergency Day Surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Emergency Surgery
• Unselected
• Unplanned
• Unscheduled
• Day or Night
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Classification of Emergency Surgery
Immediate – Immediate life, limb or organ-saving intervention (within minutes)
Urgent – Intervention for acute onset or deterioration of potential life-threatening conditions (within hours)
Expedited – Patient requiring early treatment where the condition is not an immediate threat to life (within days)
Elective – Intervention planned or booked in advance of routine admission (planned)
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Planned emergency surgery pathwayMinor emergency
procedure required
Pre-operative assessment by surgical team
Home with fasting instructions
Next morning, coordinator assigns
theatre slot
Patient advised time and place of admission
Emergency procedure performed as scheduled
Patient discharged on day of surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Procedures
Appendicectomy (laparoscopic)
Arthroscopy
Biopsy
- lymph node
- temporal artery
Evacuation retained products of
conception
Incarcerated Hernia
- inguinal
- para-umbilical
- femoral
Incision & Drainage of Abscess
- axillary
- groin
- neck
- perianal
- pilonidal
K – wiring
- finger or wrist
Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy
Reduction and internal fixation
Tendon repair
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Financial Considerations
• Cost savings
• Resources rather than cash savings due to:
- Reduction of in-patient bed days
- Utilisation of beds for other procedures
- Improved operation room efficiency
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
1. Timeline
2. Government Funding
3. Benchmarking
4. Incentivisation
5. Sustainability
6. Facilities
7. Pathway Re-Design
8. Emergency Day Surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
No place like home !