Download - The Quest for Massive Protostars Sergio Molinari IFSI-CNR, Roma S. Pezzuto, L. Montinaro @ IFSI-CNR, Roma L. Testi, R. Cesaroni, F. Palla, F. Fontani,

The Quest for Massive Protostars

Sergio MolinariIFSI-CNR, Roma

• S. Pezzuto, L. Montinaro @ IFSI-CNR, Roma• L. Testi, R. Cesaroni, F. Palla, F. Fontani, M.T. Beltran, L. Olmi @ INAF Arcetri• J. Brand @ IRA – CNR, Bologna• L.F. Rodriguez @ UNAM, Mexico• Q. Zhang @ CfA Harvard, USA

Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica CosmicaIstituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario

Roma, 15-16 novembre 2003Relatore: Sergio Molinari

The Project

• Motivation– Is a pre-H-burning phase observable

during the formation of a High-Mass star ?

• Approach– Source Selection from IRAS-PSC2

• Candidate UCHII presursors sample• Control sample

– Observational properties


Relatore: Sergio Molinari Roma, 15-16 novembre 2003

Database



• Data for the “best candidates” sample• OVRO - HCO+(1-0), H13CO+(1-0), 3.4mm continuum• Palomar Observatory (60 and 200”) - 1-20m images • SCUBA@JCMT - 850 and 450 m continuum maps• SEST – 850m maps• VLA – NH3(1,1) and (2,2) maps, 3.6cm continuum• IRAM-30m - HCO+(1-0), CS(3-2), and many more• NRAO-12m – CO(2-1)• FCRAO-14m – CS(3-2), C34S(3-2), HCO+(1-0)• ISO-CAM – 6.75 and 15m images• Arnica@TNG - J, H, Ks, images• SOFI-NTT@ESO - J, H, Ks, images• TIMMI2-3.6m@ESO – 10m images

• Data for the “greater” sample• MPIfR-100m – NH3 (1,1) & (2,2)• VLA – 2 and 6 cm snapshots• UKT14@JCMT - (sub)millimeter photometry

Molinari et al. 1996, 1998a, 2000

Molinari et al. 1998b, 2002Brand et al. 2001Zhang et al. 2001Fontani et al. 2003, 2004Molinari et al. In preparation


Relatore: Sergio Molinari

ISO

OVRO - HCO+

Warm Dust & Dense Gas

UKIRT

IRAM - HCO+

Roma, 15-16 novembre 2003

Warm Dust , Cold Dust & Free-free



Mol160 Mol119

Near IR – JHK composite



The Current Picture

• An Evolutionary sequence is observed in High-Mass Star Formation, from Warm Cores to Hot Cores to UCHII• More Massive stars form in clusters, and appear to be the last ones to form• Accretion plays a dominant role• Coalescence is important in the very early stages (pre-warm core), if ever.



We are just at the beginning

Key Open Problems

• Timeline of the Star Formation Process– Influence of metallicity, proximity to spiral

arms, etc.

• Star Formation Modes– Fast vs Slow

• Star Formation Triggers– Spontaneous/Induced

Herschel



MSX 8-20m composite

From IRAS to Herschel



Herschel Infrared Galactic Plane Survey

• 60-600m photometric imaging

• 4”-36” FWHM spatial resolution

• Sensitivity ~100mJy @5

• Spatial coverage ~2000 square degrees

100 days



Saraceno et al. 1996

MS

X

PA

CS

SP

IRE

Science Themes

Star Formation Timeline

Main Sequence and Post-MS High-Energy Phenomena

Dust Life-Cycle

InterStellar Medium



Star Formation Modes and Triggers

The Consortium

• IFSI-CNR• S. Molinari• P. Saraceno• A.M. DiGiorgio• S. Pezzuto• S. Viti• M. Benedettini• L. Montinaro• L. Spinoglio

• Arcetri Obs. • L. Testi• R. Cesaroni• P. Caselli• M. Felli• F. Palla• M. Walmsley

• Univ. Roma 1• S. Masi

• Univ. of Cardiff • M. Griffin• D. Ward-Thompson

• RAL• B. Swinyard

• Univ. of Kent• G. White

• ATC• G. Wright

• CESR• J.P. Bernard• M. Giard

• IAS• A. Abergel• F. Boulanger• P. Cox

• LAM• J.P. Baluteau• A. Zavagno

• CEA• P. Andre`• F. Motte

• IAP• A. Omont

• IPAC/Caltech• A. Noriega-Crespo• G. Helou• B. Ali• B. Schulz• K. Ganga

• UC Berkeley• M. Cohen

• JPL• H. Yorke

• Stockholm Obs.

• G. Olofsson

• HERSCHEL Science Center• G. Pilbratt



2003 2004 2005



Download - The Quest for Massive Protostars Sergio Molinari IFSI-CNR, Roma S. Pezzuto, L. Montinaro @ IFSI-CNR, Roma L. Testi, R. Cesaroni, F. Palla, F. Fontani,

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