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The RenaissanceThe Age of Discovery
1300-1500
Made by: Sarah Gilliam and Lena Han
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Transition from the Medieval World to the Renaissance• When Constantinople fell to the Muslim Turks in 1453, Byzantine
Christians fled to the West• These refugees brought with them classical scholarship that had
originally been lost to the West• Medieval artists who originally strove to suggest strong spiritual
characters started exploring ways to suggest actual figures standing in realistic landscapes during the Renaissance• An increased interest in this world, rather than the spiritual world,
was emphasized (Humanism).
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Humanism• Humanism emphasizes the importance of human beings, their
actions, and inherent individual value• Focus of education shifted to the humanities: grammar, rhetoric,
history, poetry, and moral philosophy• Tried to produce people more engaged in civic life• Attention shifted to Jesus’s life and the early martyred saints• Increased emphasis on materialism, leading to the beginning of
capitalism
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Secularism
• Dealing with non-religious matter• Closely related to humanism, the philosophy, literature, and art of the
Renaissance began to include themes more related to humans• For example, Shakespeare wrote plays about themes such as jealousy,
love, and political power
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Individualism
• Belief in individual values of each person in society• Attention did not shift away from religion. Rather, it shifted to the
individual person’s relationship to God• Celebrated things that made each person different, including
appearance, personalities, talents, and skills
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Classicism• Renaissance comes from the word “rebirth”, referring to the
reemergence of classical ideals• Renewed interest in art and learning of Greeks and Romans• People began studying long-forgotten books written during the
Classical Age• Borrowed Greek and Roman architecture and sculpture
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Two separate Renaissances in EuropeThe Southern Renaissance• Italy• Focused on accurate visual
structure (Perspective)• Ideal beauty• Fresco and Tempura Paint
The Northern Renaissance• The Netherlands, France, and
Germany• Oil Paints on altarpieces• Intense Realism• Protestant Reformation and
Counter Reformation
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Beginning of Southern Renaissance
• Double shelled Dome design, developed by Brunelleschi• Based on Roman arches and domes
Dome of the Florence Cathedral
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Beginning of Southern Renaissance
• Greater emphasis on naturalism• Sculpture was influenced by the Greeks
David, by Donatello
First freestanding nude statue
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High Renaissance
• Leonardo Da Vinci was an inventor, architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, scientist, and musician, the epitome of a Renaissance Man.• Sfumato, coming from the Italian word fumo, meaning smoke, is the
use of mellowed colors and a blurred outline.
Mona Lisa
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High Renaissance
• Michelangelo was the most well-known sculptor of the Renaissance.
David
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
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High Renaissance• Linear and Atmospheric Perspective
The School of Athens (Philosophy), Raphael Sanzio
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The School of Athens, Raphael
Pythagoras
AristotlePlato
Euclid
Socrates
Diogenes
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The School of Athens, Raphael Cont.
• Includes statues of Apollo and Athena• Vanishing point in the piece is between Plato and Aristotle• Was painted using fresco on one of the walls in the Pope’s library at
the Vatican• Also is known as the wall representing Philosophy• Part of the Stanza della Segnatura.
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High Renaissance• Tintoretto combines some Mannerist techniques with Charioscuro• Mannerism: works characterized by the distortion of certain elements
such as perspective, the use of acidic colors, and the twisted positioning of subjects• Chiaroscuro: dramatic contrasts of light and dark
The Temptation of Adam
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Northern Renaissance• More focus put towards real aspects of society.• Portrayed all types of citizens. (Both peasants and nobility)• Famous for mainly oil paintings on wood.• Used atmospheric perspective.
The Four Horsemen, Durer
The Peasant Dance, Peter Brueghel
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The Van Eycks• Hubert Van Eyck was a very popular artist during the Renaissance, but
he now is overshadowed by his brother Jan Van Eyck, who took over the Ghent Altarpiece once Hubert died.• Jan Van Eyck also made the Arnolfini Wedding, one of his more
famous pieces.The Ghent Altarpiece
The Arnolfini Wedding
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Ghent Altarpiece
Open view Closed view