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THE RISE OF THE URBAN THE RISE OF THE URBAN SOCIETYSOCIETY
UrbanizationUrbanization
ImmigrationImmigration
SegregationSegregation
Reform ThoughtReform Thought
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FOUR THEMES OF GILDED FOUR THEMES OF GILDED AGEAGE
• 1) Industrialization (chapter 18)1) Industrialization (chapter 18)
• 2) Urbanization2) Urbanization
• 3) Immigration3) Immigration
• 4) Modernization (Progress & Order)4) Modernization (Progress & Order)
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UrbanizationUrbanization
• Inventions: Light bulb, electricity, Inventions: Light bulb, electricity, camera,camera,– Phonograph, streetcar, typewriter, cash reg,Phonograph, streetcar, typewriter, cash reg,– 220,000 patents in 1890s, telephone, 220,000 patents in 1890s, telephone,
moviesmovies
• Consumerism: Dept store, chain store,Consumerism: Dept store, chain store,– Mail order. More time & money. Mail order. More time & money.
• City Growth: 1920 more than ½ pop city,City Growth: 1920 more than ½ pop city,– Skyscrapers, streetcar, suburbsSkyscrapers, streetcar, suburbs
• Tenements: crowded apartmentsTenements: crowded apartments
• Sanitation: manure, sewage, pollution,Sanitation: manure, sewage, pollution,– Bad water, no building codes, no planning.Bad water, no building codes, no planning.
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Kodak and EdisonKodak and Edison
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Boston 1890Boston 1890
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ImmigrationImmigration
• 1877-1890: West & North Europeans1877-1890: West & North Europeans
• 1890-1910: South & East Europeans1890-1910: South & East Europeans
• More Catholics and JewsMore Catholics and Jews
• 1877-1890: 6.3 million immigrants1877-1890: 6.3 million immigrants
• 4/5 of Chicago & NY foreign born4/5 of Chicago & NY foreign born
• Immigrant householdImmigrant household
• Ethnic organizationsEthnic organizations
• Ethnic tensionEthnic tension
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New York TenementNew York Tenement
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German immigrants in S. German immigrants in S. DakotaDakota
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URBAN POLITICAL URBAN POLITICAL MACHINESMACHINES
• The spoil systemThe spoil system
• The City BossThe City Boss
• NY: Boss Tweed, Tammany HallNY: Boss Tweed, Tammany Hall
• Corruption, but some benefits for Corruption, but some benefits for poorpoor
• (City leaders: urban improvement)(City leaders: urban improvement)
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Boss Tweed: Tammany HallBoss Tweed: Tammany Hall
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SOCIAL CHANGESSOCIAL CHANGES
• Work Culture: white collar, efficiencyWork Culture: white collar, efficiency
• Leisure: fairs, dance halls, vaudeville,Leisure: fairs, dance halls, vaudeville,– Bicycles, baseball, college football, boxingBicycles, baseball, college football, boxing
• Family: separate spheres, men work,Family: separate spheres, men work,– suburbs, childhood extended, suburbs, childhood extended,
• Women: Lady’s Home Journal, 12% work,Women: Lady’s Home Journal, 12% work,– Nurture virtue, supervise children, more rightsNurture virtue, supervise children, more rights
• Education: mandatory school, literacy up,Education: mandatory school, literacy up,– Less religious, more job preparationLess religious, more job preparation
• College:150, woman’s 40%, professional College:150, woman’s 40%, professional
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African American StruggleAfrican American Struggle
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): 14Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): 14thth Amend, Amend,– ““Separate but equal”Separate but equal”
• Booker T. Washington: Tuskegee Inst.,Booker T. Washington: Tuskegee Inst.,– Up From Slavery, work hard, learn a trade, Up From Slavery, work hard, learn a trade,
own property, Atlantic Compromiseown property, Atlantic Compromise
• W.E.B. Du Bois: Ph.D in sociology, The W.E.B. Du Bois: Ph.D in sociology, The – Souls of Black Folk, attacks Washington’sSouls of Black Folk, attacks Washington’s– Compromising philosophy, he says Compromising philosophy, he says – Fight for legal rights now, go to collegeFight for legal rights now, go to college
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Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington
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W. E. B. Du BoisW. E. B. Du Bois
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REFORM THOUGHTREFORM THOUGHT• Social Gospel: church must play active Social Gospel: church must play active
– Role in helping poor, “what w/Jesus do?”Role in helping poor, “what w/Jesus do?”
• (Mugwumps): public virtue, free (Mugwumps): public virtue, free marketsmarkets
• W.G. Sumner: Social Darwinism, laissez W.G. Sumner: Social Darwinism, laissez – Fair enforces Protestant virtuesFair enforces Protestant virtues
• Henry George: “single tax” on propertyHenry George: “single tax” on property
• Edward Bellamy: Looking Backward,Edward Bellamy: Looking Backward,– Material inequality root of all evilMaterial inequality root of all evil
• Settlement Houses: Jane Addams, Hull Settlement Houses: Jane Addams, Hull – House, helped inner city, social scienceHouse, helped inner city, social science
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Jane Addams: Hull HouseJane Addams: Hull House