Download - The Russian Revolution
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E. Napp
The Russian Revolution
In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms:
Tsar Nicholas IIDuma
BolsheviksVladimir LeninSoviet Union
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E. Napp
By the early twentieth century, Russianpeasants lived in poverty while
landowning nobles enjoyed wealthand leisure.
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The extreme gap between the rich andpoor made Russia ripe for revolution.In 1905, revolutions broke out across
Russia.
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Tsar Nicholas II tried to stop the unrest.He granted limited reforms, including
the creation of a new legislativeassembly known as the Duma. Peasantswere even allowed to buy village lands.
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The Russian economyshowed signs of
improvement, but theFirst World War hurt
the Russian economy.In 1914, Tsar Nicholasdeclared war against Germany. One-thirdof all Russian menwere forced into the
army.
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Russian soldiers suffered disastrousdefeats. They were poorly trained
and badly equipped. Many deserted.Russian factories could not produce
enough weapons or food.
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In 1917, German troops cut Russian
railroad lines,preventing food from
reaching Russiancities and soldiers.Strikes broke out
across Russia. TheTsar was forced toabdicate or give up
his throne.
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The leaders of the Duma declared Russiaa Republic in 1917 and centuries of Tsarist
rule came to an end. The Duma established
a provisional government but it lacked support because it refused to end the war.
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The Bolsheviks, a revolutionary groupfollowing the ideas of Karl Marx, promised
“Peace, Bread, and Land”. They wereled by Vladimir Lenin and seized power
in November 1917.
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E. Napp
Soon after takingpower, the Bolshevikschanged their name
to “Communists”. Theyalso changed the name of the Russian empireto the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics(U.S.S.R.) or Soviet
Union. Russia was thefirst Communist nation.
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A civil war broke out across Russia.The Communists eventually won
the civil war.
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Once in power, Lenin withdrew fromWorld War I and introduced a series
of domestic changes.
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E. Napp
Lenin transferred land to poorer peasantswhile many factory workers were organized
to control and operate factories. All industries were nationalized or taken
over by the government.
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E. Napp
Questions for Reflection:
• What problems confronted Nicholas II?• Why was the Duma established?• How did the First World War harm Russia?• Who were the Bolsheviks and what did
they promise the Russian people?• Who was Vladimir Lenin and what did he
do?• Why do you think a civil war erupted in
Russia after Lenin seized power?