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1The School of Health SciencesThe School of Health SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaUniversiti Sains Malaysia
Lecture 2: ICT in Lecture 2: ICT in Health Care Health Care
OrganizationOrganization
Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohamad
Ext.: 3823
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Lecture 2: Objectives
1. Explain the various functions and levels within health care organization (HCO)
2. Identify the specific types of data and information at the different levels
3. Describe the role played by the six types of information systems applicable to HCO
4. Discuss the ICT planning in HCO
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Functional Departments in HCOAdministration
FinanceMedical Social SupportHuman ResourceNutrition & DieteticSecurityEngineering
ClinicalClinical SupportMedical Record Medical & SurgeryLaboratory
PharmaceuticalIn & Out PatientLab. ServicesProcurement
UnitsInformation System Public Relation Quality & Productivity Corporate Development
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Organization Levels
Strategic Level
Management Level
Knowledge Level
Operational Level
Senior Managers
Middle Managers
Knowledge and Data Workers
Operational Managers
ICT Hardware Software Storage Network Telecommunication
Administration Clinical Pharmaceutical UnitsFunctional
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Executive Support System (ESS)
Management Information System (MIS)Decision Support System (DSS)
Knowledge Work System (KWS)Office Automation System (OAS)
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Types of Information Systems
ICT Hardware Software Storage Network Telecommunication
Administration Clinical Pharmaceutical UnitsFunctional
Strategic Level
Management Level
Knowledge Level
Operational Level
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Transaction Processing System (TPS).
Information system that performs and
records the daily routine
transactions necessary to
conduct business
Generate database for other
information system
Examples:
1. Patient Registration System2. Pharmacy Information System3. Lab Information System
A collection of data organized to service many applications at the same time by storing and managing data so that they appear to be in one location.
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Examples: TPS
Patient Registration System
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Examples: TPS
Laboratory Information System
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Knowledge Work System (KWS)
Computerized system that aids knowledge workers in creation
and integration of new knowledge in the
organization
Example: Linear Accelerator Workstation Used by nuclear medicine specialist to diagnose and report recorded image
People such as scientists, doctors and radiologist who design products or services or create new knowledge for the organization
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Office Automation System (OAS)
Computerized system that is
designed to increase the productivity of
data workers in the office
Examples: word processing, electronic mail, desk top publishing and scheduling system
People such as secretaries or clerks who primarily process and disseminate the organization’s paperwork
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Management Information System (MIS)
Information system at the management level of an organization that serves
the functions of planning, controlling, and decision
making by providing routine summary and
exception report.
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Decision Support System (DSS)
Information system at the management level of an organization that
combines data and sophisticated analytical
models to support semi-structured and
unstructured decision making
Decisions where only part of the problem has a clear-cut answer provided by an accepted procedure.
Nonroutine decisions in which decision maker must provide judgment, evaluation, and insights into the problem definitions.
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Executive Support System (ESS)
Information system at the strategic level of an organization designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and communications.
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Integrated Delivery System for HCO
1. The ability to combine a variety of data sources into an integrated data warehouse with distributed databases
2. The ability to interrelate applications with linkages through various organizational databases
3. The ability to share and transfer data among affiliated providers and organizations
4. The ability to accommodate different providers’ action with a range of medical data required for various phases of a patient treatment
5. The option to shift data and communicate effectively among provider organizations as the need arises
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Applications for HCO Integrated Delivery System
Electronic Patient Record (EPR)
Enterprise Management & Communication Network
•Strategic Enterprise Management•Data warehousing•Enterprise communication
Patient Management•Patient administration•Patient accounting & billing•Patient scheduling•Patient service management•Marketing & health promotion
Diagnostic & Therapy•Diagnostic support & ancillary•Clinical order management•Medical & clinical documentation•Treatment & operation•Research & Education
Support services•Biomedical technology•Human resource management•Dietetic & facility •Equipment maintenance•Hygiene services
Care Management•Care planning•Clinical care•Care documentation•After-care management
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Hospital
Selayang
Example: THIS
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ICT Planning
ICT Strategic Planning
ICT Strategic Planning
Analysis of Functional Department
Analysis of Functional Department
Project PlanningProject Planning
Resources AllocationResources Allocation
ICT strategy related to organization’s mission and vision
LEVELLEVEL RESULTRESULT
Documentation of ICT requirement within functional department
Identify potential ICT projects, define scope, benefits and constrain.
Implement project based on priority and provide enough allocation
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System Development Life
Cycle (SDLC)
PlanningFeasibility Study
PlanningFeasibility Study
AnalysisDefine user requirements
Study existing systemLogical design
AnalysisDefine user requirements
Study existing systemLogical design
DesignPhysical design
DesignPhysical design
ImplementationCoding, testing, debuggingInstallation, customization
ImplementationCoding, testing, debuggingInstallation, customization
Maintenance Evaluation and enhancement
Routine maintenance
Maintenance Evaluation and enhancement
Routine maintenance
SDLC
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Homework – self exploration
1. Conduct a Web search for clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Browse several of the hits and make a list of the areas in which technology is available for clinical decision-making. What areas seem to be most commonly associated with CDSS? Additionally, select a vendor who offers a demonstration of their clinical decision-making product.
2. Conduct a Web search for health care data sets. Select several sites that offer access to large data sets. What are the requirements to access the data sets? What data elements are available? How do the data owners manage the issues of the privacy and confidentiality of health care data sets?
3. Read the article titled “Why Health Care Information Systems Succeed or Fail” by RICHARD HEEKS, DAVID. MUNDY & ANGEL SALAZAR. June 1999. Available atunpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015482.pdf
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Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohamad PPSKesihatan, USM, 2007
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[1] Laudon & laudon. Management Information Systems. Prentice Hall, 2005.
[2] Tan, JKH. Health Management Information Systems. Aspen, 2001.
References