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The Science of the Smallest and the Largest
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Altuğ ÖzpineciPhysics Department, METU
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What is Physics
Physics is not about formulas, it is about understanding nature
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Searching for the Smallest
An ancient question:
Given a magic knife and unlimited time, how long can you keep on dividing a material into two?
Atomists: there are indivisible blocks, called atoms (Leucippus, Democritus 5th Century BC)
Continuum theory: Aristotle 4th Century BC)
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Searching for the Smallest
A Modern Question:
What are the fundamental building blocks of matter?
Fundamental building block ~ “atom” in atomistic theory
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Searching for the Smallest
A Glossary:
Building blocks of matter ~ atom Particle accelerator ~ magic
knife(huge microscope)
High integrated luminosity ~ unlimited time
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Angels and Damonsby Dan Brown
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Anti-Matter
Anti matter has the same properties (like the mass) as ordinary matter but opposite charge
Anti-electron (positron) first predicted in 1928 by P.A.M. Dirac and discovered experimentally 4 years later.
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Electron-PositronAnnihilation into Quarks
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Quark-anti-Quark Annihilationinto Different Quarks
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What is force? F = Δp/Δt
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Fundamental Particles and Forces
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Why do particles have mass?What is mass?
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Energy Distribution of the Universe
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How Do We Know The Internal Structure of Matter?
In accelerator, particles collide at high energies The outcome is studied
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LHC-September 2008
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LHC-NOVEMBER 2009
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LHC RAP
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Fizikte Boyutlar
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Ankara Üniversitesi
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Uzaydan Türkiye
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Dünyanın Doğuşu 104 km
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Dünyanın İçi
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Kozmik Işınlar
Kozmik Mikrodalga Işıması
Ultra Yüksek Enerjili Kozmik Işınlar
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Güneş Sistemi 109 km
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Bir Yıldız: Güneşimiz 106 km
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Andromeda Galaksisi
106 ışık yılı uzaklıkta
105 ışık yılı genişlikte
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Karanlık Madde?
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Galaksi Kümeleri: 1010 LY
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Bilinen Evren: 1010 LY
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Galaksi Oluşum Modelleri
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Bütün Galaksiler Bizden Uzaklaşıyorlar-Karanlık Enerji
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Evrendeki Enerji Dağılımı
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Evrenin Tarihi
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Fizikte Boyutlar
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Grip Virüsü: 10-7 m
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Nanoteknoloji
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Atom 10-10m
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Atom Çekirdeği: 10-15m
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Proton ve Nötron'un İçinde:Kuarklar: <10-18m
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Temel Parçacıklar ve Kuvvetler
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Temel Kuvvetler/Etkileşimler F = dp/dt
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Kütlenin Sebebi Ne?
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Neden Yüksek Enerjiler
Maddenin daha küçük yapı taşlarını görebilmek için parçacıkları çarpıştırırız
Ne kadar yüksek enerjiye ulaşırsak, o kadar küçük parçacıkları görebiliriz
Ayrıca yüksek enerjilerde, ağır parçacıkları yaratabiliriz
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CERN'in Uzaydan Görüntüsü
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BHÇ'deki son durum
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BHÇ Dünya'nın Sonunu Getirecek mi?
“Teorik olarak, BHÇ'de pembe bir fil oluşma ihtimali sıfır değildir. Tehlikeli bir karadelik de pembe fil kategorisindedir.” Joe Lykken, Fermilab, USA
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Ultra Yüksek Enerjili Kozmik Işınlar
Atmosferimize, evrenden gelen ve enerjileri 10^8 TeV'e kadar çıkan parçacıklar çarpmaktadır
Bu parçacıklar milyarlarca yıldır güneşe ve güneş sistemindeki diğer gezegenlere çarpmaktadır
Bu çarpışmaların hiçbiri güneşi veya gezegenleri yok edecek bir karadelik oluşturmamıştır
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LHC RAP