THE SCIENTIFIC THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
Chapter 22 Chapter 22
Section 1Section 1
Pages 623-628Pages 623-628
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What defines a turning point?What defines a turning point? How does technological How does technological
change affect people, places change affect people, places or things?or things?
Can 1 person influence world Can 1 person influence world events?events?
Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy
**King or Queen with TOTAL **King or Queen with TOTAL CONTROL**CONTROL**
Peter the Great – RussiaPeter the Great – Russia Frederick the Great – PrussiaFrederick the Great – Prussia King Louis- FranceKing Louis- France
a. Until the mid 1500’s, European scholars accepted and believed the teachings of Ptolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer.
b. Ptolemy taught that the Earth was the center of the universe.
Ptolemy(87-140 A.D.)
1. Before the Scientific Revolution…
d. It was not until some startling discoveries caused Europeans to change the way they viewed the physical world.
c. People felt this was common sense, and the geocentric theory was supported by the Church.
2. THE MEDIEVAL (old) VIEW2. THE MEDIEVAL (old) VIEW
Geocentric Theory:Geocentric Theory: The earth is The earth is the center of the universe-developed the center of the universe-developed by Aristotle and Ptolemy taught by by Aristotle and Ptolemy taught by clergyclergy
3. Why Question Authority 3. Why Question Authority Now? Now?
A New Understanding• Discoveries lead to doubt– Columbus• Scholars challenge traditional thought– Copernicus, Galileo, & Vesalius• Inventions– Telescope, Microscope, & Navy
4.The Scientific Revolution4.The Scientific Revolution
1. new way of thinking1. new way of thinking
a. based on observationa. based on observation
b. willingness to question b. willingness to question accepted beliefsaccepted beliefs
2. Began in the mid 1500’s2. Began in the mid 1500’s
3. started with the Renaissance3. started with the Renaissance
5. 5. What else led to the Scientific Revolution?What else led to the Scientific Revolution?
1.Renaissance: 1.Renaissance: rebirth of learning and rebirth of learning and the arts inspired new ways of the arts inspired new ways of thinking thinking
=THE QUESTIONING SPIRIT=THE QUESTIONING SPIRIT
2. 2. New technology New technology ie telescope, ie telescope, improved math, printing pressimproved math, printing press
3.3. Exploration Exploration to Africa and Asiato Africa and Asia
8. Early Ideas8. Early Ideas1. 1. HELIOCENTRIC THEORYHELIOCENTRIC THEORYa. Nicolaus Copernicusb. Sun is center of universe
22. SCIENTIFIC METHOD. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
a. observationa. observation
b. questionb. question
c. hypothesis = assumptionc. hypothesis = assumption
d. experimentd. experiment
e. conclusione. conclusion
6.Nicolaus 6.Nicolaus CopernicusCopernicus
1473-15431473-1543 • • HeliocentricHeliocentric – – Sun is the centerSun is the center • • Afraid of the churchAfraid of the church • • Published book on Published book on deathbeddeathbed • • Theory of “Copernicus Theory of “Copernicus
System”System”
7. Isaac Newton7. Isaac NewtonDeveloped the law of gravityTheory of Motion
“Universe operates like a clockAll the parts work together perfectly in ways that can be expressed mathematically.”
8. Galileo 8. Galileo (1564-1642) (1564-1642) a. proved heliocentric theorya. proved heliocentric theory b. law of pendulumb. law of pendulum c. telescopec. telescope d. wrote d. wrote Starry MessengerStarry Messenger e. conflict with churche. conflict with church
According to a popular story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree, and wondered if the force that pulled the
apple to the Earth also controlled the
movement of the planets. Newton
argued that nature followed laws.
The Scientific Method
. Zacharias Janssen. Zacharias Janssen a. microscopea. microscope
. Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Anton van Leeuwenhoek a. first to see red blood cellsa. first to see red blood cells
. . Evangelista TorricelliEvangelista Torricelli a. mercury barometera. mercury barometer
. Anders Celsius. Anders Celsius a. scale for thermometera. scale for thermometer
. . Gabriel FahrenheitGabriel Fahrenheit a. scale for thermometera. scale for thermometer b. 32 = freezingb. 32 = freezing
7. 7. Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius a. dissected corpsesa. dissected corpses b. book on human bodyb. book on human bodyWhat do you think he was able to prove?What do you think he was able to prove?
88. Edward Jenner. Edward Jenner a. vaccine for small poxa. vaccine for small pox
9. 9. Robert BoyleRobert Boyle a. volume, temperature and pressurea. volume, temperature and pressure b. chemistryb. chemistry
9. Francis Bacon & 9. Francis Bacon & Renee DeCartesRenee DeCartes
Developed the Developed the Scientific Scientific Method!Method!
Geocentric Theory
Heliocentric Theory
10. A NEW WAY OF THINKING10. A NEW WAY OF THINKING
The Scientific Revolution: a new way The Scientific Revolution: a new way of thinking about the natural world of thinking about the natural world that was based on careful that was based on careful observation and a willingness to observation and a willingness to challenge and question accepted challenge and question accepted beliefs.beliefs.
CONCLUSION
ANALYZE AND INTERPRET DATA FOUND
DURING EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENT
hypothesis
PROBLEM OR QUESTION ARISING FROM AN
OBSERVATION
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
11. REGENTS PREP11. REGENTS PREP
Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on the experiences of past civilizations experimentation and observation emotions and feelings the teachings of the Catholic Church
Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilee, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes? The acceptance of traditional authority
was strengthened. The scientific method was used to solve
problems. Funding to education was increased by
the English government. Interest in Greek and Roman drama was
renewed.