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The Skeletal System
Chapter 5 – Anatomy/PhysiologyNHS
Dr. Smith
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Skeletal System
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Division of Skeleton
• Axial skeleton – skull, spine, chest (80 bones)
• Appendicular skeleton - upper and lower extremities (126 bones)
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SKULL
• 8 cranium bones, 14 face bones, 6 ear bones
• Sutures –immovable joints
• Fontanels – “soft spots”• Sinuses –
spaces/cavities inside skull– Paranasal – NOSE
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Spine• Vertebrete- irregular shaped spine bonds
• Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacrum-Coccyx 2
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Thorax/Chest• Sternum – breastbone• 12 pairs of ribs – attach
to vertebra– 14 true ribs - upper
seven pairs attached by costal cartilage
– 10 False ribs - lowest 2 pairs not attached to sternum “floating”; next three pair are attached to 7th rib
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Upper extremities
• Scapula – shoulder blade• Clavicle – collar bone• Sternoclavicle joint – clavicle/sternum• Humerous – upper long bone in arm• Radius/Ulna – forearm bones• 8 Carpals – wrist bones• 5 metacarpals – palm bones• 28 phalanges – finger bones
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Hip and Pelvis• Large coxal bone• illium, ischium, and pubis grow together in
an adult
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Lower Extremities
• Femur – long bone – upper leg• Patella – knee cap• Tibia/fibula – lower leg bones• 8 Tarsals – ankle bones• 5 metatarsals – sole bones• 28 phalanges – finger bones
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Foot Arches• Medial Longitudinal Arch - Inside of foot• Lateral Longitudinal Arch - Outside of foot• Transverse (metatarsal) arch - extends on
the ball of the foot
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Man/Woman Differences
• Male skeleton's larger
• Female’s pelvis supports childbirth - male’s pelvis is more narrow - female's pelvis angle is greater
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Joints - ARTICULATIONS • Synarthrotic joint - no movement• Anphiarthrotic joint - slight movement• Diarthrotic - free movement
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Diathrotic Joint• Allow for free
movement• All have a joint
capsule, cavity, and a layer of articulating cartilage over the ends of the two joining bones ( synovial membrane in joint capsule
• Ligaments - fibrous connective tissue - hold joint together
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LAB #1 - Skeletal Lab
• Materials - microscope, bone slides• Procedure: Observe draw and label slides #1-4
in lab-book. BE SURE TO LABEL. Answer results questions in full ENGLISH sentences
• Results: SEE RESULTS HANDOUT
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GROUND BONE
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Developing Cartilage Bone
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Developing Membrane Bone
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Tendon-Bone Junction