Download - THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
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THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
England plants colonies in North America
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Sir Walter Raleigh
Named the land in North America he claimed for England Virginia
For Queen Elizabeth-the “virgin queen”
Planted the first English Colony on Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is now North Carolina)
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1585 Roanoke Colony
“The Lost
Colony”
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Joint Stock Company
Originally funded and maintained English colonies
Several investors who pooled their wealth in support of a colony
Business venture for profit
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CHARTER
an official permit to start a colony from the English monarch who was entitled to a portion of the profits
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COLONY # 1
VIRGINIA
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FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT
Jamestown
FOUNDED 1607
LEADERJohn Smith
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Virginia Company
Joint Stock Company that funded the settlement of Jamestown
Charter from King James I Jamestown, James River , etc… named for the king
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John Smith
Became a leader of the Jamestown colony its first winter at age 28
“If any would not work, neither should he eat.”
Developed a relationship with the Powhatan tribe
Left Jamestown 1607 : gunpowder accident
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The Starving Time :1609-10 1609 – 600 new colonists
1610- only 60 survive
Some accounts of cannibalism“sharp prick of hunger which no man can truly describe but he who hath tasted the bitterness thereof.”- CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY –governor of Jamestown
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Pocohantas
daughter of Chief Powhatan
defends the life of John Smith
marries John Rolfe
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John Rolfe & Tobacco
Created a strain of tobacco that could become a cash crop for the Jamestown colonists
Many argue that Jamestown would NOT have survived if it were not for tobacco and the “cash cow” that is became.
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“Tobacco Economy” required a labor force
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM (1618)System in which settlers were granted land for settling in Virginia
INDENTURED SERVANTSIndividual who contracted to work for a colonist for a specific number of years in exchange for transportation to the colonies, food, clothing and shelter
SLAVERY (1619)
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1619: The House of Burgesses An elected legislative bodyBurgess = a person invested with all the privileges of a citizenMale landowners over age 17 eligible to vote for representatives Any decision required the approval of the Virginia Company in London First seed of American democracy
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COLONY # 2
MASSACHUSETTS
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FIRST SETTLEMENT Plymouth
FOUNDED 1620
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English Reformation
16th century movement for religious reform
Led to the founding of churches that rejected the Pope’s authority
Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church)
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Puritans
A group in England who wanted to reform the Church of England
Wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholicism
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Separatists
Puritans who opposed those who wanted to reform the Church of England from within and wanted to form their own separate congregations
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PilgrimsSeparatists who fled England to escape persecution
Holland
North America
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Mayflower Compact
1620Considered the first written constitution in North America Radical idea
Government depends on the consent of the governedGovernment gets its power from the people it governs/rules over
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SECOND SETTLEMENTMassachusetts Bay Company
FOUNDED 1630
LEADER
JOHN WINTHROP
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Massachusetts Bay Company
Joint Stock company that funded the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Boston – capital city
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Great Puritan Migration
1629-1642
Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , arrived brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company fleeing religious persecution against Puritans under King Charles I
Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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The “Elect”
Predestination
Some humans predestined by God for eternal bliss = “the elect”
God would reveal his selection to the “elect”
Expected to lead sanctified lives
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Colonial Governmentin the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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General Court
Lawmaking body which chose the colonial governor
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Freeman
Only stockholders in MBC and “the elect” - all adult male members of the Puritan Church - could vote
No separation of church and state
Theocracy Laws based on the Puritan religion
No tolerance for religious dissent
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COLONY # 3
NEW HAMPSHIRE
1623
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NEW HAMPSHIRE
FIRST SETTLEMENT Exeter
FOUNDED1623
LEADERJohn Wheelwright
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COLONY # 4
CONNECTICUT
1636
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CONNECTICUT
FIRST SETTLEMENTHartford
FOUNDED1636
LEADERThomas Hooker
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Fundamental Orders
1639
A constitution governing colonial Connecticut
Establishing a democratic state controlled by “substantial” citizens
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COLONY # 5
MARYLAND
1632
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MARYLAND
FIRST SETTLEMENT St. Mary’s
FOUNDED1632
LEADERGeorge Calvert –the first Lord Baltimore
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Lord Baltimore
Catholic Englishman
Founded the Maryland colony on the idea of religious freedom where Protestants and Catholics could live together in peace
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Maryland Act of Toleration
Landmark act passed by the Maryland assembly Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only for Christians )
Radical idea at this time
The penalty for anyone who did not believe in Christ was to be hanged
No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc…
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COLONY # 6
RHODE ISLAND
1636
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RHODE ISLAND
FIRST SETTLEMENT Providence
FOUNDED1636
LEADERRoger Williams
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Roger Williams
Puritan who was tolerant of other religionsDid not believe in killing or punishing people in the name of Christianity
Did not believe in a tax supported churchSupported separation of church and state
Indian land should be paid for
Banished from MBC for his beliefs
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Roger Williams
Started a colony called Providence which would become RIBought land from the Native Americans to start the colony
Narranganset Indians helped him when he was banished
Based on “freedom of conscience” Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews
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Roger Williams
" We may praise him .. for his defense of religious liberty and the separation of church and state . He deserves the tribute … but it falls short of the man. His greatness was simpler. He dared to think. " - Edmund Morgan who wrote a book about Roger
Williams
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Anne Hutchinson
Religious dissenter (like Roger Williams)
Put on trial for her beliefs
Banished from the MBC
Fled to RI and later to NY
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Chronological Order
Protestant Reformation
Founding of the Plymouth Colony
The Great Puritan Migration
Founding of Rhode Island
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COLONY # 7
DELAWARE
1638
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DELAWARE
FIRST SETTLEMENT Wilmington
FOUNDED1638
LEADERPeter Minuit
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COLONY # 8
NORTH CAROLINA
1663
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NORTH CAROLINA
FIRST SETTLEMENT Albemarie County
FOUNDED1663
LEADERGroup of eight proprietors
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COLONY # 9
SOUTH CAROLINA
1663
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SOUTHCAROLINA
FIRST SETTLEMENT Charles Town (later Charleston)
FOUNDED1663
LEADERGroup of eight proprietors
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COLONY # 10
NEW YORK
1664
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NEW YORK
FIRST SETTLEMENTNew York
FOUNDED1664
LEADERPeter Minuit
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Henry Hudson
Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest Passage
Land in North America he claimed for Holland called New Netherlands
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Dutch West India Company
The business that owned most of Holland’s colonies
Fur trading
More interested in its colonies in India
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1664 –British take New Netherlands
from Holland without firing a shot
Given to the Duke of York by the King of England (his brother)
renamed it New York
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Proprietor
Owners of colonies who expected the people who lived on their land to pay them a tax called a “quit rent”.
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COLONY # 11
NEW JERSEY
1664
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NEW JERSEY
FIRST SETTLEMENT East Jersey – CarteretWest Jersey – Salem
FOUNDED1664
LEADERLord Berkeley Sir Carteret
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COLONY # 12
PENNSYLVANIA
1681
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PENNSYLVANIA
FIRST SETTLEMENT Philadelphia
FOUNDED1681
LEADERWilliam Penn
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COLONY # 13
GEORGIA
1732
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GEORGIA
FIRST SETTLEMENT Savannah
FOUNDED1732
LEADERJames Oglethorpe
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James Ogelthorpe
Wanted to create a colony where debtors could go instead of going to jail
Debtors ended up being only a small percentage of the actual settlers
The buffer colony from Spanish colonies south (Florida)
From French claims west (Louisiana)