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The Thirty Years’ War
AP European HistoryUnit 2/Ch. 15 – Statebuilding in the 17th Century
Ms. Tully - UHS
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An “Age of Crisis”
Yearning for order Increased gov’t power
“Little Ice Age” Vulnerability in villages
Economic recession in most of Europe
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Background to the Thirty Years’ War
Militant Catholicism vs. Militant Calvinism & Bourbons vs. Habsburgs
Peace of Augsburg (1555) Did not account for Calvinism
Formation of Protestant Union (1608) Formation of Catholic League (1609) Habsburg consolidation resisted by princes
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The Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
Bohemia traditionally resisted Catholicism Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand elected king in 1617 Defenestration of Prague – May 1618 Ferdinand deposed, replaced with Elector Frederick V Ferdinand (HRE) allied with Duke Maximilian of Bavaria Battle of White Mountain, Nov. 8, 1620 Ferdinand reestablished as King of Bohemia, now a
hereditary Habsburg possession
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Danish Phase (1625-1629)
Intervention of King Christian IV of Denmark Albrecht of Wallestein – appointed by HRE
Ferdinand to lead Catholic/Imperial army Denmark defeated by Catholic League in 1626 Edict of Restitution, 1629
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Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
Arrival of Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus
Battle of Lutzen, 1632
Battle of Nordlingen, 1634
Edict of Restitution annulled
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Franco-Swedish Phase (1635-1648)
Religious issue losing significance Battle of Rocroi, 1643 Not decisive overall victory
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Outcomes of the War
1648 – Peace of Westphalia ended war Clearly separation between religion & politics Beginning of modern international order Many areas of Germany devastated Part of “military revolution”
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Classwork
Read The Face of War in the Seventeenth Century on p. 453 & respond to the prompt.
This will go straight into the Classwork section of your portfolio.