Download - The Tide of War Turns to the Allies
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The Tide of War Turns to the Allies
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Germans want Suez Canal
British under Montgomery win
the Battle at El Alamein against
Rommel and push West
Last stand for the Allies
First defeat of the Germans in
WWII
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Allied invasion of N. Africa
Stalin pushing for second front
▪ Took pressure off Russia
Confidence from El Alamein
victory
Land in Morocco and
Algeria
Considered Europe’s Soft
Underbelly
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Roosevelt and Churchill meet for Casablanca conference
Two decisions:
Allies increase bombing of Germany
UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER – surrendering without
conditions or guarantees
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July 1943 - British and Americans land in Sicily
Chased the Axis powers to the mainland
3 September 1943
ITALY surrendered
when allies get to
Rome
Mussolini flees to
N. Italy w/ Nazi help
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• Over a million men land on Normandy beaches • Paratroopers of
82nd and 101st Airborne land behind enemy lines
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20 July 1944 –
officer planted
bomb in Hitler’s
headquarters
Rommel was in
on it
Aug 1944 – Allies
liberate Paris
Sept 1944 –
BeNeLux freed
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Last ditch effort of
the Germans
Cripples Germany
by using reserves
and demoralizing
what troops are left
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Jan. 1945 - Soviets reach
Oder River outside Berlin
April 1945 – US Army
reaches Elbe River
50 miles west of Berlin
30 April – Hitler commits
suicide
7 May – V-E Day, Germany
surrenders
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Island Hopping -
skipping islands w/
strong resistance
and take those w/
strategic importance
Douglas MacArthur
– commander of the
Pacific forces
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First major US offensive
against Japan
Japanese air base w/ location
to threaten Australia
Japanese lose the island
after heavy casualties
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23 October 1944 – Battle of
Leyte Gulf
Japan tries to destroy whole
US fleet by sending whole
Japanese navy (all-in)
▪ Japanese lose whole navy
▪ Only Army and kamikazes left
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March 1945 – after
bloody fighting marines
take island of Iwo Jima
Important: US Air
Force can bomb
Japanese mainland
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Bloodiest battle yet
Samurai spirit leads
Japanese (even
civilians) to commit
suicide
US victory
Victory allows US to
think about invading
Japan
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Secret project at Los Alamos,
New Mexico to develop atomic
bomb
J. Robert Oppenheimer – lead
scientist
Einstein also involved
Potsdam Ultimatum given to
Japan
Called for unconditional surrender
Japan refuses
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6 Aug 1945
Hiroshima bombed
9 Aug 1945
Nagasaki bombed
15 Aug 1945 – Japan
surrenders
Peace treaty signed on USS
Missouri on 2 Sept 1945
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Bombing and fighting destroyed entire cities Many tried to live in areas not completely destroyed
Others moved
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Nuremberg War Crime Trials
Held at Nuremberg
▪ 22 Nazi leaders were put on trial for “crimes against humanity”
▪ 10 were hanged ▪ Bodies of those
executed were burned in Dachau
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Demilitarization – disbanding
Japanese army
Democratization – gov’t run by
people
Emperor loses all power
Created Diet – two-house parliament
Rebuilt Japanese economy