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The Troubles in Northern Ireland
Historical background and key events
Presentation by Anne Johnsrudhttp://annejohnsrud.blogspot.com
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Contents
• The colonization of Ireland
• The Irish War of Independence
• The Division of Ireland• The Irish Civil War• Protestants versus
Catholics?
• Issues of the conflict• The population of
Northern Ireland today• The Troubles• Towards a lasting
peace?
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The colonization of Ireland
• 1170: Ireland becomes England’s first colony
• 1507-1547: Henry VIIIs reign – All of Ireland controlled by England
• 1610: Protestants from Scotland settle in Northern Ireland
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The Irish War of Independence
• 1916: Easter Rebellion/ Easter Rising
• January 1919 – July 1921
• Guerilla war• The Irish Republican
Army (old IRA) against the British
• Result: The Anglo-Irish Treaty
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The Division of Ireland
• The Anglo-Irish Treaty (agreement)
• 1922: The Island is divided into an Irish Free State and Northern Ireland
• The Irish Free State not completely independent (under British crown)
• Republic of Ireland 1937
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Irish Civil War
• June 1922 – May 1923• The Free State Army supported the
agreement that divided Ireland• The IRA was opposed to the agreement• The war was won by the Free State Army
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Protestants vs. Catholics?
• The Irish were Catholics• The English and Scottish who settled in
Northern Ireland were Protestants• In Northern Ireland the Irish Catholics were
poor and suppressed by the Protestants
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Issues of the conflict
• Economy• National identity• Equal rights and opportunities• Independence after colonization
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The Population of Northern Ireland Today
• 60 % Protestants, most of whom feel they belong to the UK (The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• 40 % Catholics, most of whom feel they should be independent form the UK/ be part of the Republic of Ireland (Eire)
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The Troubles
• 1969: British troops stationed in Northern Ireland
• January 30th 1972: Bloody Sunday
• Unionists vs. Nationalists
• 70s and 80s: several bombings/ gun attacks in Northern Ireland
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The Troubles continue
• 1974: Terrorist bombings in Birmingham, England
• 1981-82: Republicans die in hungerstrike
• UFF (Ulster Freedom Fighters)
• IRA (Irish Republican Army)
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Towards a lasting peace…?
• 1998: The Good Friday Agreement• Car bombs in Omagh, Northern Ireland kill 29
and injure 530• 2005: IRA agrees to end violence and
weapons are destroyed• 2009: Antrim killings
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Sources:• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Civil_War (accessed on March 14th
2009)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence (accessed on
March 14th 2009)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_troubles (accessed on March 14th 2009)• http://tracks1mk.cappelendamm.no/c100339/artikkel/vis.html?tid=10627
6 (accessed on March 14th 2009)
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Images from FLICKR:• www.flickr.com/photos/78918694@N00/1190974445 (accessed on
March 15th)• www.flickr.com/photos/78918694@N00/983429652 (accessed on March
15th)• www.flickr.com/photos/78918694@N00/1190974445 (accessed on
March 15th)• http://static.flickr.com/105/368638762_f07626b5b7_m.jpg (accessed on
March 15th)• http://static.flickr.com/3292/2512382548_738cfaaf84_m.jpg (accessed
on March 15th)• http://static.flickr.com/1004/857812515_872dc1d49a_m.jpg (accessed
on March 15th)• http://static.flickr.com/2159/2155191828_1b55dd0320_m.jpg (accessed
on March 15th)