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The Denominations of Origin
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Historical background § Recognition of specific characteristics of the region´s wines
since ancient times: soil, climate and cultural practices.
§ Historical influence of the indutry´s inter-‐professional organisations: -‐ 1483 “Gremio de la Pasa y la Vendimia”
-‐ XVII C. “Gremio de Vinateros” -‐ 1924 “Jerez” collective trademark for wines
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§ The oldest DO in Spain an one of the oldest in Europe – established with the first Spanish National Law on Wine (1933).
§ 1935: publication of the “Reglamento”, integrating rules and control systems -‐ from the planting of a vineyard to the commersialization of the wines.
§ Denomination of Origin: a legal concept created in order to protect both the producers and the consumers.
1933 – creation of the DO
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The land of origin § “Zona de Crianza” demarcated region – the Sherry triangle:
-‐ Jerez de la Frontera -‐ El Puerto de Santa María -‐ Sanlúcar de Barrameda
• • • • ROTA
§ Other municipalities in the “Zona de Produccion”: Chipiona, Trebujena, Rota, Puerto Real, Chiclana and Lebrija.
§ Total production area has changed over the years.
Today approx. 7.o00 hectares
.
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§ VINAGRE DE JEREZ
Three different DO´s... ...with one single origin.
§ JEREZ-‐XÉRÈS-‐SHERRY
§ MANZANILLA-SANLÚCAR DE BARRAMEDA
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Vinegrowers Superficie
MUNICIPIO Superior Zona Total Nº8de8Viñas media8(Has.)Chiclana(de(la(Frontera 0,00 132,76 132,77 155 0,86Chipiona 35,77 79,52 115,30 92 1,25El(Puerto(de(Santa(María 251,11 6,20 257,31 51 5,05Jerez(de(la(Frontera 4.535,86 5,64 4.541,50 440 10,32Lebrija 0,11 145,43 145,54 135 1,08Puerto(Real 0,00 119,16 119,16 35 3,40Rota 93,72 53,73 147,45 57 2,59Sanlúcar(de(Barrameda 818,17 41,46 859,64 618 1,39Trebujena 551,13 67,92 619,05 850 0,73TOTAL8GENERAL 6.285,87 651,83 6.937,71 2.433 2,85
Superficie8inscrita
46%$
28%$
26%$
Coopera'ves*
Independent*growers*
Bodegas*
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The bodegas ZONA DE PRODUCCIÓN ZONA DE CRIANZA
Non-‐DO young wines (mosto) 2
2
“Zona de Producción” non-‐DO wines
4
4
6 Qualified aged wines
6
7 DO wines
7
Qualified non-‐aged wines 5
5
5
Qualified young wine (mosto)
Bodegas de Crianza y
Almacenado
Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición
3
3
Bodegas de Producción
Qualified grapes
Registered vineyards
1
1 Bodegas de Elaboración (Lagars)
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Las bodegas § Bodegas de Producción: -‐ located outside of the “Zona de Crianza” -‐ produce wines to be sold without the DO appellation -‐ can supply wines to be aged in the “Zona de Crianza”
12
§ Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado (Almacenistas): -‐ located within the “Zona de Crianza” -‐ age wines with the DO appellation -‐ sell their wines to the “Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición”
19
§ Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición (Exportadores): -‐ located within the “Zona de Crianza” -‐ age and sell wines with the DO appellation
47
78 registered bodegas
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Total ageing stocks of wine: 285.000 botas (142,5 Mn. l)
The bodegas
70% 3%
23%
2% 2%
Exportadores – Jerez Exportadores – El Puerto Exportadores – Sanlúcar Almacenista – Jerez Almacenistas – Sanlúcar
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Total annual sales of approx. 50 Mn. bottles
The bodegas
Spain
Great Britain The Netherlands
Germany Rest of Europe
United States
Rest of the World
30%
28% 19%
9%
7%
4% 3%
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ALMACENISTAS
BODEGAS VINEGROWERS
COOPERATIVES
REGISTERS
The Consejo Regulador – functions
1 The Industry´s inter-‐professional organisation. census elections
every 4 years
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ALMACENISTAS
BODEGAS VINEGROWERS
COOPERATIVES
REGISTERS
The Consejo Regulador
1 The Industry´s inter-‐professional organisation. census elections
every 4 years
president
shippers (bodegas)
10 “vocales”
Jerez-‐Xérès-‐Sherry (8) Manzanilla (1)
Vinagre de Jerez (1)
producers
(vinegrowers)
10 “vocales”
independents (6) cooperatives (4)
Junta de Andalucía
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The Consejo Regulador -‐ functions
1 The Industry´s inter-‐professional organisation. 2 Establishes the operating rules of the DO.
Reglamento de Funcionamento
(of the Consejo Regulador)
Internal aspects
Technical Files (for each Denomination)
Product specifications
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Technical file viticulture
§ Location of vineyards § Planting controls § Authorised varieties § Pruning methods
§ Other cultural practices
§ Harvest dates & conditions
§ Maximum yield
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viniculture § Pressing: 70 lt. per 100 kg. § Fortification § Minimum ageing periods § Oak wood casks (botas) § Inventary controls § Specifications for each style of wine
§ Bottling and shipping controls
Technical file
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El Consejo Regulador -‐ functions
1 The industry´s interprofessional organisation. 2 Establishes de rules of the DO.
3 Guaratees the authenticity of the wines produced.
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The Consejo Regulador – Guarantee
Specific codification number for each single bottle
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4 Acts as “custodian” of the DO´s collective assets.
The Consejo Regulador -‐ functions
1 The industry´s interprofessional organisation. 2 Establishes the rules of the DO.
3 Guarantees the authenticity of the wines produced.
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The Consejo Regulador -‐ functions
5 Industry-‐wide promotion: product quality, training, marketing...
4 Acts as “custodian” of the DO´s collective assets.
1 The industry´s interprofessional organisation. 2 Establishes the rules of the DO.
3 Guarantees the authenticity of the wines produced.
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þ Jerez-‐Xérès-‐Sherry -‐ the oldest DO in Spain.
Two Denominations of Origin – the key ideas
þ The Consejo Regulador, more than just a regulatory body.
þ Every bottle of authentic Sherry, individully identified by the Consejo seal & number.
& Reglamento de Funcionamiento del Consejo Regulador
& Pliegos de Condiciones de las DDO Jerez, Manzanilla y Vinagre de Jerez.
& Memorias de actividades del Consejo Regulador (annual reports)
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