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This presentation premiered at WaterSmart Innovations
watersmartinnovations.com
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Using Water Use Metrics and Benchmarking to Target ICI Customers
H.W (Bill) Hoffman –Frontier [email protected]
512-294-7193
Presented at WaterSmart Innovations 2015
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The water industry is entering the era of BIG DATA!
• AMI metering
• Portfolio manager data base now includes water use
• The new LEED requires sub metering and five years of water use data to be sent to the USGBC
• Many States have intensified water use data gathering
• New billing systems are becoming much more data rich
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What will be covered
1. Time Series Analysis;
2. Utility ICI Sales and Use;
3. How water is actually used; and
4. Benchmarking ICI water use.
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Time Series Analysis
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0% 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Shower
Commercial Toiltes
Residential Clothes Washers
Pre-Rinse Spray Valves
Residential Toilets
Residential Dish Washers
Commercial Dish Washers
Urinals
Percent Reduction in Use From Best in Class
Reduction in Water Use Since 1980 for Appliances and Plumbing Fixtures
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10
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45
50
100
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130
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150
160
170
180
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Bill
ions
of G
al./D
ay
Gal
./Per
son/
Day
Public and Domestic Water UseUSGS 2014
US Per Capita Use (gpcd) Total Municipal/Domestic Use
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New York City
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110
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290
31019
85
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Gal
lons
per
Per
son
per D
ayLarge Texas Cities
Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, El Paso & HoustonSource: TWDB
Austin Dallas Fort Worth Houston El Paso San Antonio
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100
120
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200
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240
260
280
300
32019
85
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Gal
lons
per
Per
son
per D
ayMid Size Texas Cities 100,000 - 250,000 Population
Abilene, Amarillo, Beaumont, Grand Prairie, & LubbockSource:TWDB
Abilene Amarillo Beaumont Brownsville Grand Prairie Lubbock
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August Austin Actual vs Fitted vs Average Water Consumption
100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380400420440460480500520540
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gal
lon
per P
erso
n pe
r Day
Actual fitted Average
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Pasadena, Texas Actual vs Fitted vs Average Water Consumption for August
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gal
lon
Per P
erso
n Pe
r Day
Actual fitted Average
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59%64%
67% 68% 67%
59%
52%56%
58% 58%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Perc
ent O
ccup
ancy
Gal
lons
per
Squ
are
Foot
per
Yea
r
Hotel and Motel Water Use Factors for Phoenix - 2003 to 2012
Percent Occupancy Motel Adjusted for Occupancy Motel Unadjusted for Occupancy
Hotel Adjusted for Occupancy Hotel Unadjusted for Occupancy
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Hospital Water Use in PhoenixFrom a special study – Phoenix Medical Facilities 2014
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Down in the weeds look at how water is actually used.
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http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-office
http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-restaurantshttp://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-hospitals
http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-hotels
EPA WaterSense National Averages
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Two Hospitals from Across the Nation
Cooling Towers
43%
Toilets20%
Other Plumbing
8%Food
Service8%
Medical Equip.
9%
Leaks & Other
8%Boilers
4%
Florida
Cooling Towers
49%
Domestic41% Food
Service4%
Medical Equip.
1%
Irrigation5%
Arizona
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Cooling Tower53%
All Other Uses47%
Eleven Office Buildings in Austin, Texas
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Grocery Store Water Use in California
Pacific Institute
Cooling Tower49%
Other22%
Irrigation3%
Kitchen9%
Domestic17%
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Courthouse Hotel University Offices Hospital
Summary of Audits of 30 Large Facilities with Cooling Towers in Downtown Fort Worth Texas
Water Management , Inc.
OtherIrrigationDomesticCooling
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0 50 100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
ChemicalsSteam Electric
Petroleum RefiningMining
OtherPaper Mfg.Food Mfg.
Primary MetalComputers/ Electronics
Thousands of Acre Feet per Year
Industrial Water Use in Texas 2011
1.84 million acre feet per year
Cooling Boiler Other
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0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Oct
-10
Nov
-10
Dec
-10
Jan-
11Fe
b-11
Mar
-11
Apr
-11
May
-11
Jun-
11Ju
l-11
Aug
-11
Sep-
11O
ct-1
1N
ov-1
1D
ec-1
1Ja
n-12
Feb-
12M
ar-1
2A
pr-1
2M
ay-1
2Ju
n-12
Jul-1
2A
ug-1
2Se
p-12
Oct
-12
Gal
lons
per
Mon
thLarge Office Building
0500,000
1,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,000
Oct
…N
ov…
Dec
…Ja
n…Fe
b…M
ar…
Apr…
Ma…
Jun…
Jul-1
1Au
g…Se
p…O
ct…
Nov
…D
ec…
Jan…
Feb…
Mar
…Ap
r…M
a…Ju
n…Ju
l-12
Aug…
Sep…
Oct
…
Gal
lons
per
Mon
th
Large Medical Center
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
Oct
-10
Nov
-10
Dec
-10
Jan-
11Fe
b-11
Mar
-11
Apr-1
1M
ay-…
Jun-
11Ju
l-11
Aug-
11Se
p-11
Oct
-11
Nov
-11
Dec
-11
Jan-
12Fe
b-12
Mar
-12
Apr-1
2M
ay-…
Jun-
12Ju
l-12
Aug-
12Se
p-12
Oct
-12
Nov
-12
Gal
lons
per
Mon
th
Large Dormitory
Monthly Cooling Tower Use Examples in Austin Texas
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
2,200,000
2,400,000
Oct
-10
Nov
-10
Dec
-10
Jan-
11Fe
b-11
Mar
-11
Apr-1
1M
ay-1
1Ju
n-11
Jul-1
1Au
g-11
Sep-
11O
ct-1
1N
ov-1
1D
ec-1
1Ja
n-12
Feb-
12M
ar-1
2Ap
r-12
May
-12
Jun-
12Ju
l-12
Aug-
12Se
p-12
Oct
-12
Nov
-12
Gal
lons
per
Mon
th
Large Hotel
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Utility ICI Sales and UseA Texas Example
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Steam Elec4%
Manufacturing9%
Mining2%
Mun27%
Ag58%
Texas Water Use - 201018.1 million Ac-Ft per Year
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6%10%10%
11%15%
20%21%21%21%
23%23%
24%25%
28%29%29%
30%31%
32%33%33%
35%39%
41%41%
42%45%
23%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
28%
30%
32%
34%
36%
38%
40%
42%
44%
46%
BeaumontBrownsville
HoustonCorpus Christi
LaredoAustin
Grand PraireSan Antonio
LongviewWaco
DallasWichita Falls
AbileneFort Worth
IrvingCarrollton
TylerArlington
RichardsonEl PasoGarland
PlanoFrisco
MidlandDenton
LubbockAmarillo
Use Weighted…
Percent Above Winter Use
Volume Percent of Municipal Use that is Above Winter (Jan, Feb, Dec) Use – 10 year average
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Source: Texas Water Development Board Draft Report
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79
90
85
74
69
88
76
62
73
82
159
170
159
175
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Medium Utilities (237)
Medium-Large Utilities3 (31)
Large Utilities (30)
Medium Significant ICI1 Utilities (27)
Metropolitan Utilities
Medium-Large Significant ICI Utilities (5)
Large Significant ICI Utilities (5)
Gallons per Person per Day
Water Use of Texas UtilitiesTWDB 2015 - SB 181 Report
Residential GPCD ICI & Other GPCD
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Residential Indoor22%
ResidentialIrrigation
15%
Residential Leak Loss
3%
Mun. System Leak Loss10%
Com./Inst. Outdoor3%
Com./Inst. Indoor
12%
Mun. Supplied Industrial9%
Steam Electric11%
Mining4% Manufacturing
Self Supp.16%
Non-Agricultural Water Use in Texas
ICI = 55%
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Municipal29%
Self Supplied71%
Fresh Water Sources for Industry in Texas1.84 Million Acre Feet a Year
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
ReligiousIndustrial Warehouse
Other Educational BldgService Station-Repair Garage
Correctional FacilityAmusment-Recreation-Athletic
Other Group ShelterSancturay
Commercial WarehouseFood Stores
CollegesSchools
Service Est.Resturant/ Bar
HealthcareHotel
All OtherRetail
Offices
Millions of Gallons per Day (MGD)
Water Use by Commercial/Institutional UsersAustin, Texas Study
Red = Food Svc.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Jan-
01
Mar
-01
May
-01
Jul-0
1
Sep-
01
Nov
-01
Jan-
02
Mar
-02
May
-02
Jul-0
2
Sep-
02
Nov
-02
Jan-
03
Mar
-03
May
-03
Jul-0
3
Sep-
03
Nov
-03
Jan-
04
Mar
-04
May
-04
Jul-0
4
Sep-
04
Nov
-04
Mill
ions
of G
allo
ns p
er D
ayAverage Monthly Water Sales by Group
2001 - 2004
Residential Apartments Commercial Industrial Wholesale
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Benchmarking ICI water use
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Summary of Six United States Studies Reporting Water Use by Gallons per Square Foot of Heated Space per Year
Type of Facility
EPA Portfolio Manager1
University of Florida2
Santa Fe, New Mexico3
Colorado Water Wise - Brendle
Group.4
AWWA End Use Study
2000 5Austin 20136
Gallons per Square Foot of Heated Space per Year
Restaurants 221 173 to 211 130 to 330 215
Senior Care Facilities 61 106 62 to 101
Hotels 54 85 79 to 165 60 to115 72
Hospitals 52 31 58Grocery/Supermarkets 24 95 36 52to 64Medical Offices 19 34 49Offices 13 20 26 9 to 15 19Banking/Financial 12 89Court House 11K-12 Schools 10 20 12 to 19 8 to 16Houses of Worship 7 15
Retail/Shopping Centers 5 32 20
Unrefrigerated Warehouses 3 8
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Summary of Hospital Water Use Coefficients from Various Studies
Study Gal/Bed/DayGal/Sq. Ft/Yr.
Average BestFederal Facilities Average 125Univ. of Florida Study 31United Kingdom -Large Teaching 41 34UK Small Acute or Long Stay 29 22
UK Small Acute or Long Stay With Laundry 39 31North Carolina Rule of Thumb 300ASHE 2002 Study 471Energy Star Portfolio Mgr. 315Victoria Public Health Service - Australia 39 17Health Estate Journal - United Kingdom 87US Energy Information Adm. 2007 study 395 68
City of Austin (9 largest medical Facilities) 335 58 18
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Summary of Restaurant Water Use Coefficients from Various Studies
Source of Information Best Gal./Meal
Avg. Gal./ Meal
Gal./ sq. ft./ Year
Best Gal./ Seat/ Day
Avg. Gal./ Seat/ Day
Florida (Univ. of Fl.) Restaurant 270Florida (Univ. of Fl.) Fast Food 240
Colorado Study (Brendle Group) 192 29 53
USA (2000 AWWARF) 9 to 12 130 to 331 20 to 30 Bolder Colorado 125 49Danamark.com (Canada) 8 to 9 U of Kansas (M. Vanschenkhof) 12.8 266
South Australia study and Sydney Water 9 to 12
North Carolina 20 to 40 Austin Study (Full Svc.) 173 31Austin Study (Fast Food) 257 39Phoenix (Full Svc. 2012) 195Phoenix (Fast Food, 2012) 230
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1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113
127
141
155
169
183
197
211
225
239
Gal
lons
per
Bed
Hospitals2002 ASHE Study
Do You see a Pattern
Here?
0
20
40
60
80
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73
GPC
D
Elementary Schools in a District in Texas
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0
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600
0
2,000
4,000
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18,000
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 181 191 201
Gal
lons
per
Sea
t per
Day
Gal
lons
per
Day
Analysis of 211 Austin Full Service Restaurants
Gallons per Day Gallons per Seat per Day
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Senior Living Facilities in PhoenixFrom a special study – Phoenix Medical Facilities 2014
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0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.2
Aug.2010
Sept.2010
Oct.2010
Nov.2010
Dec.2010
Jan.2011
Feb.2011
Mar.2011
Apr.2011
May.2011
June.2011
July.2011
Aug.2011
Mill
ions
of G
allo
ns p
er D
ayRestaurant Total Water Use in Austin, Texas
from August 2010 through August 2011
Separate Irrigation Use Restaurant Use
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0
20
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Thou
sand
of G
allo
ns p
er M
onth
Example of Water Use 13 Almost Identical Fast Food Restaurants in the Same Chain
Inside Use Irrigation
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5.44.9
4.0 4.2
3.53.0
3.84.1
4.95.2
6.2 6.26.5
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.0
Aug.2010
Sept.2010
Oct.2010
Nov.2010
Dec.2010
Jan.2011
Feb.2011
Mar.2011
Apr.2011
May.2011
June.2011
July.201
Aug.2011
Mill
ions
of G
allo
ns p
er D
ay
Office Water Use in Austinfrom August 2010 through August 2011
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43
35
26
17
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5
Gal
lons
per
Squ
are
Foot
per
Yea
r
Star Rating (1 - minimum, 5 - best)
The National Australian Built Environmental Ratings Scheme (NABERS) for Offices
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18
22
26
18
22
26
31 31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
High Rise Large Medium Small
Gal
lons
per
Squ
are
Foot
per
Yea
r
Water Use Benchmarks for Office Buildings in Austin Texas – FY 2011
Median Average
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74
110
124133 135
149161
188
228
31
4654
6171
7889 93
107
53
6779 84
94102
112
126
159
0102030405060708090
100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Gal
lons
per
Roo
m p
er D
ayAnalysis of Gallons per Room per Day for Hotels in Austin, Texas FY 2011
Full Svc. Hotel - N=27 Limited Svc. Hotel - N=40 Motel - N=53
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13
710
1316
1821
26
33
51
70
85
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2% 5% 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
95%
98%
Gal
lons
per
Squ
are
Foot
per
Yea
r
Percent of Buildings in Sample
New York City Office Building Use - 2013538 Buildings in Sample
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50
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250
Southwest West Central Southeast Northeast
Gal
lons
per
Occ
upie
d Ro
om p
er D
ay
Region
Average Usage per Occupied Room per Day
Based on over 300 hotels nation wide
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Southwest West Central Southeast Northeast
Gal
lons
per
Squ
are
Foot
per
Yea
r
Region
Average Annual Usage per Square Foot
Based on over 300 hotels nation wide
Regional Comparisons
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0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Phoenix (allRestaurants)
New York (allRestaurants)
Austin FastFood Austin FullService
Austin (allRestaurants)
Gal
lons
per
Res
taur
ant p
er D
ay
Average Daily Water Use for Restaurants in Different Cities
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A Large Chinese Buffet Restaurant
150
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500
550
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ay-0
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1,00
0's
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al. /M
onth
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Benchmarking Energy and Water Use In Commercial Buildings
The Star indicates benchmarking water use.
SB 700 requires that the Texas State Energy Conservation Office
(SECO) to benchmark energy and water use in State Facilities and State supported Institutions of
Higher Education.
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Beverage Industry Environmental RoundtableBIER
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Conclusion• The numbers can help determine the effectiveness of your program;
• The numbers can help identify area in the ICI community that off great potential;
• The numbers can help identify what areas within a facility offer the greatest potential for savings;
• The numbers can tell how much of the water you sell is used by which sector; and
• The numbers can help identify specific entities that may offer the largest potential.
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But you have to put the numbers together!
Are you ready for this avalanche of BIG DATA, and are you capable of analyzing
the information?
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The
End
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Using Water Use Metrics and Benchmarking to Target ICI Customers
H.W (Bill) Hoffman –Frontier [email protected]
512-294-7193
Presented at WaterSmart Innovations 2015