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DIRECT USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: MENENGAI
DIRECT USE PILOT PROJECTS IN KENYA
Thursday, 3rd November, 2016
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Esther Nyambura [email protected]
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1. INTRODUCTION
• Direct Use of geothermal energy is the utilization of heat energy for industrial, agricultural and leisure applications without converting it into another form.
– Direct Uses:
• Heat energy
• Therapeutic uses
• Other by-products – (gases, minerals and water)
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2. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DIRECT USE APPLICATIONS
The possible application depends on the resource temperatures, available flow rate, the chemistry of the geothermal fluid and the distance to the resource.
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3. DIRECT USE APPLICATIONS IN KENYA
i. Green house Heating at Oserian
50 ha of rose flower is grown in a geothermal heated greenhouse for export
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Direct Use applications in Kenya, cont’d (1)
ii. Pyrethrum Drying at Eburru
− Plant constructed in the 1920s
− Uses heat from a
shallow geothermal well
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Direct Use applications in Kenya, cont’d (2)
iii. Swimming Pools and Spa
− The Olkaria Spa
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Direct Use applications in Kenya, cont’d (3)
Swimming Pools and Spa
- Lake Bogoria Spa Hotel geothermal heated swimming pool
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Direct Use applications in Kenya, cont’d (4)
iv. Condensate Harvesting in Eburru, Suswa and Paka
Local communities condense steam from fumaroles for domestic uses in Suswa
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Direct Use applications in Kenya, cont’d (5)
v. Direct Use Demonstration Projects in Menengai
Four demonstration units have been set up:
- Geothermal powered dairy unit
- Geothermal Heated Aquaculture Ponds
- Geothermal Heated Green house
- Geothermal Powered Laundry Unit
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Direct Use applications in Kenya, cont’d (6)
The Demonstration Unit’s Geothermal heating Concept
• Hot fluid (Hot Brine) from Menengai MW-03
• A water bath is constructed and a stainless steel heat exchanger submerged inside the bath. Cold water is heated from 25°C to 85°C through a counter flow movement. This hot water is then used in all the projects.
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4. THE MENENGAI PILOT PROJECTS IN KENYA
Schematic Diagram for MW-03 Demonstration Projects
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya cont’d (1)
MW-03 Geothermal well (heat source)
Water bath heat exchanger
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya, cont’d (2)
i. Containerized Dairy Unit
• A milk processing unit that uses heat from the geothermal heat exchanger for milk pasteurization.
• Hot water at 80°C heats milk to a temperature of 65°C -67°C for a period of 30 minutes.
• Milk is then cooled in two processes; using room temperature water and using ice water to temperatures as low as 4°C.
Milk processing container Inside the milk Processing unit
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya, cont’d (4)
ii. Heated Aquatic Ponds
• Water in the ponds is geothermal heated to 29°C
• This is the temperature optimal for fish metabolism, leading to:
– Better feed conversion efficiency
– Quick maturity
– More harvests per year leading to More income
• Waste water from the fish ponds is then re-used as fertilizer for crops in the greenhouse
Aquatic Ponds Drain Pond
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya, cont’d (6)
iii. Heated Greenhouse
• Tomato and capsicum crops have been grown inside a greenhouse.
• Geothermal heated water at 50o C is circulated in pipes at night, early morning and during wet seasons to control temperature and relative humidity.
• This reduces fungal infection on the crops scaling down the use of fungicides in the green house, and improving the growth rate, fruiting and quality.
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya, cont’d (9)
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya, cont’d (7)
Heated Greenhouse, cont’d (1)
• Other reasons for using geothermal energy
– Sterilize water for irrigation
– Supply of Carbon dioxide which improves photosynthesis of the crops
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya, cont’d (10)
iv. Geothermal Operated Laundromat
• Utilizes geothermal heated water in the washers and dryers. Water for the washer is mixed with cold water to temperatures depending on the type of garments to be washed.
• The dryer has a specially designed fan coil unit that uses hot water to dry the garments.
Washers and dryers in the Laundromat
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Menengai Pilot projects in Kenya, cont’d (11)
Geothermal Operated Laundromat (cont’d)
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5. Successes and challenges
The direct use pilot projects has had successes and challenges as well as lessons:
• It has successfully demonstrated to students, investors and the local communities that the technology is viable.
• Low value procurements
• There is need to incorporate other disciplines like Agriculturalists, dairy experts, aquaculture experts alongside the geothermal experts.
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WAY FORWARD
Data collection is on-going for the projects. Data collected includes:
• Tonnage of brine used to run the projects
• The aquatic pond temperatures
• Amount of water used in the fish ponds
• Temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse
• Weight of crops harvested from the green house
• Weight of fish harvested from the aquatic ponds
• Amount of food fed to the fish
• Crop nutrients added
Analysis of this data will form a base reference during expansion and setting up of industries in the industrial park.
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6. CONCLUSION
• Alternative uses of geothermal energy is applicable in Menengai, and can be replicated in other geothermal rich zones.
• Processes that require heat can utilize geothermal energy leading to savings and reducing carbon emissions.
• Heating of water in aquatic ponds and green houses increases yield.
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The Menengai Heat Exchanger
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THANK YOU