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Tilapia Global Supply and Demand in 2013.
Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D.University of Arizona, Professor of Environmental Science
World Aquaculture Society, Past-President
Aquaculture without Frontiers, Past-Chairman
American Tilapia Alliance, Sec. Tres.
Adelaide, Australia .
June 2014
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Tilapia: continuing to increase in popularity globally
• Tilapias are second only to the carps as a farmed food fish.
• In 2012 the global volume of farmed fish exceeded global volume of beef for the first time (FAO)
• Tilapia have unique characteristics that will facilitate its continued growth to someday surpass carp production.
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Global production of some major farmed fishes
1980 1990 2000 2008 2010 2011 20120
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
TilapiaCatfish Salmon
Met
ric
tons
per
yea
r
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0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
World Tilapia Production of 4,677,613 mt in 2013
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2008 Tilapia exports from China
US54%
Mexico16%
SubSahara Africa11%
Russia8%
EU5%
Others7%
Sales volume = 224,359 mt
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2012 Tilapia exports from China
US56%
Mexico10%
SubSahara Africa2%
Russia6%
EU6%
Others20%
Sales
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Farm gate prices for tilapia to Chinese farmers
Ex-farm prices for whole, live tilapia, China, 500-800 gramsNov. 2013: RMB 10.0 ($1.60/kg)
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0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
5,000,000
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
(es
t)
Me
tric
ton
s
Aquaculture Fishery
Global production of tilapia
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Top Ten Seafoods (U.S.)per capita (lbs)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
T una 3 Shr imp 3 Shr imp 3.7 Shr imp 4.0 Shr imp 4.2 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4.4 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4.0 Shrimp 4.2 Shrimp 3.8
Shr imp 3.2 T una 2.9 T una 3.1 T una 3.4 T una 3.4 T una 3.1 T una 2.9 T una 2.7 T una 2.8 T una 2.5 T una 2.7 Tuna 2.6 Tuna 2.4
P ol lock 1.6 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.2 Salmon 2.2 Salmon 2.4 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.4 Salmon 1.8 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0
Salmon 1.5 P ol lock 1.2 P ol lock 1.1 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.5 P ol lock 1.6 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.34 P ol lock 1.45 T i lapia 1.45 P ollock 1.3 Tilapia 1.5
Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.0 T i lapia 1.0 T i lapia 1.14 T i lapia 1.19 T i lapia 1.21 P ol lock 1.2 Tilapia 1.3 P ollock 1.2
Cod 0.8 Cod 0.6 Cod 0.7 Cod 0.6 T i lapia 0.7 T i lapia 0.8 Catfi sh 0.97 Catfi sh 0.90 Catfi sh 0.92 Catfi sh 0.85 Catfi sh 0.8 P angasius 0.6 P angasius 0.7
Clams 0.5 Clams 0.5 Cr abs 0.6 Cr abs 0.6 Cod 0.6 Cr abs 0.6 Cr abs 0.7 Cr abs 0.68 Cr abs 0.61 Cr abs 0.59 Cr abs 0.6 Catfish 0.6 Crabs 0.5
Cr abs 0.4 Cr abs 0.4 Clams 0.5 T i lapia 0.5 Cr abs 0.6 Cod 0.6 Cod 0.5 Cod 0.47 Cod 0.44 Cod 0.42 Cod 0.5 Crabs 0.5 Cod 0.5
Flatfi sh 0.4 Flatfi sh 0.4 T i lapia 0.4 Clams 0.5 Clams 0.5 Clams 0.4 Clams 0.4 Clams 0.45 Flatfi sh 0.43 Clams 0.41 P angasius 0.4 Cod 0.5 Catfish 0.5
Scal lops 0.3 T i lapia 0.4 Flatfi sh 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Flatfi sh 0.32 Clams 0.42 P angasius 0.35 Clams 0.35 Clams 0.3 Clams 0.3
T i lapia 0.3
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US Consumption of tilapia from domestic and imported sources
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,0001
990
199
2
199
4
199
6
199
8
200
0
200
2
200
4
200
6
200
8
201
0
201
2
Til
ap
ia (0
00's
of
kg o
f li
ve w
eig
ht)
Domestic Imports
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Percentage of US finfish grocery sales: weekly sales averaged $608 per store
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US Tilapia consumption (imports and domestic)437,000 mt of live weight (equivalent) - 2007
453,264 mt of live weight (equivalent) – 2008465,953 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2009)
579,443 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2010)513,361 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2011)
613,406 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2012)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Met
ric
ton
s
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Fillet FreshFillet Frozen
Whole Frozen
$0
$20,000,000
$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000
$100,000,000
$120,000,000
$140,000,000
$160,000,000
$180,000,000
$200,000,000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
$ US
Value of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.2002
Whole FrozenFillet FrozenFillet Fresh
$0
$200,000,000
$400,000,000
$600,000,000
$800,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,200,000,00019
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
12
$ US
Value of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.
Whole Frozen
Fillet Frozen
Fillet Fresh
$696,085,981(2009) $842,866,006(2010), $838,349,634 (2011)
$986,127,852 (2012)
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• Imports to US in 2012 were $986,127,852• US production of 28,000,000 lbs at farm• 2012 US tilapia farm-gate sales were
$84,000,000• 2012 US Tilapia Sales estimate –• $986,127,852 + $84,000,000 =
$ 1,070,127,852
US Sales of tilapia
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Selective breeding and genetic improvements
• Excellent breeding programs - G.I.F.T. - Malaysia- Acuaplan - Mexico- Genomar - Brasil and Norway- Chitralada – Thailand- TabTim – Thailand (CP Group)- GIFT Excell – Philippines- Molobicus - Philippines- GIFT Bangladesh
• Several in Israel • YY Supermale - Philippines and
Swansea, Egypt and Indonesia
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Genetic improvements in tilapia
(From: Mair, G., 2002)
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Tilapia Genome Project
• March 2011 - First assembly of the tilapia genome• Oreochromis niloticus – Nile Tilapia• http://www.broadinstitute.org/ftp/pub/assemblies/
fish/tilapia/Orenil1/• Matching many segments to those known from
other fish• Publically available and freely accessible• Next frontier of genetic program for tilapia
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The YY male technology
(GMT®)
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Regions of rapid production growth• Vietnam – conversion of catfish cages to tilapia in
Mekong, and culture in all regions• Indonesia – cage culture, polycultures, rice culture• Malaysia – government support and private sector
investment• Bangladesh – government support and private sector
investment• Brasil – lots of available water, labor, land, feed• Thailand – better reporting, shrimp polyculture• Mexico – continued intensification, some govt
support, large and small private investments• Sub-Saharan Africa - commercialization
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Mexico
4623 licensed farms 20,000 ton Dos Lagos
farm in Chiapas Second farm now
started, also by Regal Springs
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Pathways in the use of tilapia as biomanipulator (and disease control?) in
shrimp farms for Vibrios and EMS
Promotion of Chlorella
dominance
Bioturbation of sediment
Production of natural
antimicrobials
Feeding on organic waste
IMPROVED SEDIMENT QUALITY
IMPROVED WATER
QUALITY
SUPRESSION OF GROWTH OF V. harveyi
and V. parahaemolyticus ?
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Stocking and harvest schedule
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Improvements in packaging
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Traditional product forms
Yangon BBQ tilapia
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Mexican-American street foods
Courtesy:Randall Brummett
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Byproducts - Tilapia Leather
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Pet treats
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Tilapia Orange Juice
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Tilapia pedicures and manicures
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Global Tilapia Market TrendsPrices have been constant, only fresh fillets have increased
significantly, will not see increases beyond inflation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Fresh filletFrozen filletWhole FrozenLive
$/kg
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35
Tilapia Global Aquaculture Production1
99
0
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
E
20
11
F
20
12
F
20
13
F
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1000 Metric tonnes REAL PRICE (USD/kg)
Sources: 1990-2009: FAO and Kevin Fitzsimmons; 2010-2012: Average of Helga Josupeit and Kevin Fitzsimmons estimates; 2013: Kevin Fitzsimmons; Prices US import frozen tilapia Jan- Jun: NMFS
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Farmed Mexican
tilapia fillets in Tucson, Arizona Safeway
$15/kg
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Global Aquaculture Tilapia Sales• For year 2000 =US $ 1,615,321,000
(FAO FishStat 2007)
• 2005 sales = $ 2,457,312,000(FAO FishStat 2007)
• 2010 sales = $ 5,680,410,000(FAO FishStat 2012)
• 2012 sales = $ 7,656,257,000(FAO FishStat 2014)
• 2013 sales > $ 9,000,000,000
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Bangladesh tilapia aquaculture
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
(es
t)
Met
ric
tons
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Future global tilapia aquaculture
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
(est
)20
13 (e
st)
2014
(est
)20
15 (e
st)
Met
ric to
ns (0
00)
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ISTA 11
Surabaya, Indonesia In conjunction with WAS Asia-Pacific Chapter Regal Springs, Surya University, Matahari Sakti
Feeds, AquaFish Innovation Lab, WorldFish, andAquaculture without Frontiers
May 2016
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Conclusions
• Tilapia has long been called the aquatic chicken.
• Instead…...
• The “terrestrial tilapia”
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Conclusions• Global tilapia production was 4,507,002
metric tons in 2012 (FAO, 2014), should exceed 4,800,000 MT in 2014. (6% growth)
• Constantly improving farming, processing and packaging for food safety, quality assurance, traceability, and environmental safeguards (with little, if any, increase in price).
• Other aquaculture species will follow the tilapia model.
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Buy TILAPIA
Thank youQuestions?
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Tilapia: the most fun aquaculture species of the 21st century
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh2673ncWJg