![Page 1: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tim B. Abbe, PhD, PEG, PHG
Entrix, Inc.
Bill ArmstrongQuinault Indian Nation
Arthur Fleming, PE, Jeremy Bunn, Karen Williams, PE,
Laura Musikanski, JD, CEM, Jenna Scholz
Entrix, Inc.
Channel migration, big trees, side channels and
the Sockeye (Blueback) Salmon:
Design and implementation of a comprehensive
sustainable restoration plan for the Upper
Quinault River Valley, Washington
Environmental and Natural Resource ManagementConsultants
![Page 2: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Quinault River Basin
A = 531 km2
T = 363 cm
![Page 3: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Upper Quinault River Valley
![Page 4: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Forest valleys, bank erosion,
and channel patterns
![Page 5: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Micheli, E.R., J.W. Kirschner, and E.W. Larsen 2003.
(Agricultural erosion rates) = 2 * (Forest erosion rates)
Erosion rates for agriculture and forest floodplains of Sacramento River
![Page 6: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Normalized Erosion Rates for large and small diameter forest tree classes
Max
Min
75%
25%
Median
Riparian Forest Structure
No
rma
lize
d E
rosi
on
Ra
te (
m/y
r)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Old Young
median
75% tile
25% tile
maximum
minimum
Abbe et al. 1996>21” dbh <21” dbh
(young forest erosion rates) > 2 * (old forest erosion rates)
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Big trees were historically found on river banks
throughout North America
Sitka Spruce, lower Bogachiel River
![Page 8: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Big trees in the river can deflect flows and partition shear stress to reduce shear stress acting on bank
Queets River, 2003
![Page 9: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Forest plantation along glacial outwash terrace, Hoh River, 2002.
Small trees have no chance of sticking around and carried away along with the bank
![Page 10: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fallen trees can create
foundation for forest
colonization within valleys
susceptible to frequent
channel changes.
![Page 11: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• ~700 km2
• Intact forests
• Unregulated flows
• Dynamic channel
Queets River – Olympic National Park
50 km50 km
© J.J. Latterell 2005
• ~700 km2
• Intact forests
• Unregulated flows
• Dynamic channel
Queets River – Olympic National Park
50 km50 km
© J.J. Latterell 2005
Queets River
Photo by Josh Latterell
Side channels
through trees
Old-growth riparian
forest encroachment
into valley
Old-growth valleys show forest encroachment on the river valley (Abbe et al. 2003)
![Page 12: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Wood accumulations buried in these floodplains (can be an issue in driving piles)
![Page 13: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Logjam Hardpoints
in the Upper
Quinault
![Page 14: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hard point
Mature
conifers
![Page 15: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
(Abbe & Montgomery 1996)
Initiation and evolution of a
hard point
![Page 16: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Upper Quinault Geomorphic
Investigation:
![Page 18: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
River assessment by Davidson and Barnaby, 1936:
“the constant shifting of the channels has been
particularly noticed. It is worthy of note that this
feature is a matter of comparatively recent years
and has developed at an alarming rate during
the past twenty years… there is no definite river
bed ….”
Similar interpretations were documented more than 60
years later: QIN Watershed Analysis 2001, O’Conner et
al. (2003), BoR 2005
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Gravel bars
much wider than
low flow channel
Limited small
woody debris, lack
of key members
Limited conifers
only on floodplain
margins
Channel Conditions in 2004 near Ewell Homestead
(about 3.6 kilometers above lake)
![Page 20: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Historic expansion of channel migration zone
![Page 21: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Within HCMZ few
vegetated areas have
persisted more than
50 yrs with a mean
residence time
of 25-30 yrs
![Page 22: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Current pattern of floodplain forest maturation
Desired pattern of floodplain forest maturation
![Page 23: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Different Types of Side
Channels found in
Quinault Floodplain
![Page 24: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
H H
![Page 25: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
“Young” Side Channels
![Page 28: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Young side channels
![Page 29: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Young side channels
![Page 30: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Young side channels
![Page 31: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Young side channels
![Page 32: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
“Old” Side Channels
![Page 33: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Old side channels
![Page 34: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Old side channels
![Page 35: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The loss of old side channels has
important implications for fish:
![Page 36: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The productivity of the Quinault stock has declined
significantly since the 1950s.
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
Blu
eb
ac
k
HARVEST
ESCAPEMENT
RUNSIZE
![Page 37: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Project Site
![Page 38: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Pre-existing conditions Spring 2008
![Page 39: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Pre-existing conditions Spring 2008
Alder Creek
side channel
Quinault
mainstem
![Page 40: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Project Plan
![Page 41: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Before
Eroding
bank Unstable
natural
logjams
Infra-
structure
![Page 42: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
As-built
Protective
buffer Stabilization
of natural
logjams
Infra-
structure
![Page 43: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Created by Herrera Environmental Consultants
Future
Protective
buffer
Mature forest
patches develop
on ELJ hard-
pointsInfra-
structure
![Page 44: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fundamental Elements of Restoration Plan
![Page 45: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Project Plan
![Page 46: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Structures Q100=51,000 cfs
U = 3.7 m/s
t0 = 270 Pa
![Page 47: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
River 2D Finite Element output
![Page 48: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
River 2D Finite Element output
![Page 49: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Scour Analysis
abutment pier
• Pier Scour Equations: 14-18 ft.
• Abutment Scour Equations: 12-20 ft.
![Page 50: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Existing Log Jam – Reinforced with new Piles
![Page 51: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Pile Driving for ELJ (1 down, 158 to go)
![Page 52: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Log Crib Installation
![Page 53: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Looking Upstream from top of ELJ
![Page 54: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Slash gets stuffed along inside face
![Page 55: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Backfilling begins as crib walls go up
![Page 56: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Fastest Way to backfill (D-8 dozer)
![Page 57: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Racking Logs Installed in Front of ELJ
![Page 58: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
1 of 13 Completed ELJs
![Page 59: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Project site prior to construction, Spring 2008
Before
![Page 60: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Project site post-construction, high water December 2008
After
![Page 61: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Project site post-construction, high water December 2008
![Page 62: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
After 2 high flows, January 21, 2009
11/8/08 – 1.5 yr event
1/8/09 - 5 yr event
![Page 63: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
ELJ 1
ELJ 2
After 2 high flows, January 21, 2009
11/8/08 – 1.5 yr event
1/8/09 - 5 yr event
![Page 64: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Blueback Sockeye spawning by ELJ 5
![Page 65: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
13 ELJ structures
November-January 2 peak flows
~1.5 yr (16,100 cfs, 456 cms)
~5 yr (25,050 cfs, 710 cms)
Alder Creek Side channel remains intact
5 new pools
1 in active mainstem channel
5 m deep, 50 m2
4 in gravel bar
1.2 m average depth, 32 m2 average area
2 of 4 pools inhabitated by juvenile coho
![Page 66: Tim Abbe, Bill Armstrong, Arthur Fleming, Jeremy Bunn, Karen](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022415/586342551a28ab0e30900af5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Acknowledgements: Funding
Pacific Coast Salmon Recovery Fund
Washington Salmon Recovery Funding
Board
Wild Salmon Center
Pacific Coast Salmon Coalition
Jefferson County
U.S. Forest Service
Total Cost (assessment, design, materials, & construction)
$1,100,000
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Acknowledgements: Project Partners
Quinault Indian Nation
Olympic National Forest
Olympic National Park
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Marine Fisheries Services
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Department of Natural Resources
Department of Ecology
Department of Fish and Wildlife
Washington State Historical Preservation Office
Jefferson County
Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission
Lutz Family
Esses Family Partnership
Mr. Clay Butler
Mr. Vern Wilson
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Acknowledgements: Construction
DO Construction
Quinault Valley Forestry