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Tissue Development and Wound Healing
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Body DefensesBody defense system includes skin
mucous membranes, strong acid
in stomach, etc.
They work to fight off invaders
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When Tissue is damaged:
Healing starts almost immediately
Inflammatory Response is triggered
Immune Response is started immediately
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Inflammatory ResponseNon-Specific body response
Occurs whenever the body is injured (no matter where on the body you are hurt)
Prevents further injury
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Immune ResponseVery specific body process
Attacks a recognized invader (bacteria, virus, microbes, foreign substance)
Increased Metabolism
Increases Body Temperature
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Tissue Repair and Wound Healing
2 methods of tissue repair:
1.) Regeneration
2.) Fibrosis
Healing (structures and time) depends on 2 things:
1.) the type of injury
2.) the severity of the injury
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RegenerationReplacement of destroyed and damaged tissues by the same kind and type of cells
Good blood supply is essential to healing
Cleaner incisions repair better and heal more successfully than jagged lacerations
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Fibrosis (scar)Repair of tissue and a scar is the result
Dense fibrous connective tissue replaces the original tissue
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Healing Process Step 1:
Capillaries allow clotting proteins into injured area
Step 2:
--Clot is constructed to stop blood loss which holds
edges of wound together, and forms barrier
(so bacteria can’t seep into surrounding tissue)
--When exposed to air the clot dries to form a scab
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Step 3:
Granulation Tissue Forms
(delicate pink tissue with many capillaries, stemming from nearby intact areas)
Granulation Tissue contains:
1.) Phagocytes to get rid of the clot
2.) Connective tissue cells that could
produce a scar
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Step 4:
Surface epithelium regenerates beneath scab,
and then later on the scab falls off
*Epidermis, Mucus membranes, Fibrous connective tissue and bone regenerate well
*Skeletal muscle regenerates poorly
*Cardiac and Nerve Tissue is replaced by scar
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Scar TissueScar tissue is strong but less flexible
Scar tissue can’t perform the normal functions of that tissue
Scar tissue in muscles or muscular organs such as the heart or bladder hinder the function of that organ
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Development
Life begins as a single cell that divides
thousands of times to form specialized tissues
Mitosis continues in almost all cells until
the end of puberty (full grown)
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Development
After puberty only certain cells routinely divide
ex.) skin, intestinal lining
Some cells stop dividing, like liver, but can
replace themselves if injured
Heart muscle and nervous tissue cannot
replace itself (amitotic)
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The Aging Processthinner epithelium – easily damaged, less elastic
“dry out” – less oil, mucus, sweat
fewer hormones that control metabolism & reproduction
less collagen
bones become porous and weaken
Atrophy (wasting away) of nervous and muscle tissue
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Contributions to AgingCauses and Various Possibilities of Aging:
Chemicals? Toxins, drugs, carbon monoxide
Physical factors? X rays, UV light
Genetic clock? Biological Clock?
Poor circulation (decreased nutrients and oxygen to cells)
One question for you:Can you prevent aging?