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EQUIPAGE
Publ
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ARDEPARTMENT,
April10,1943.
GEQUIPAGE^^^'
___________ 1-2
----------------------------'------3-11
ortraft.
osition,andassignmentof
_ ______________ _ __ 12-14
_____________________ 15-23
______________________ 24-27
_____________ :_________ 28-32
ysupport____________ 3335
____ 36-39
______________________ 40-42
tbridges______ ,_________ 43-50
dtransportationofraft
page_____________ 5157
M1938___________________________ 58-71
nceboatand6-tonfloat,pneumatic.
__________ 72-73
______________________ 7477
_____________________ 78-82
____________ 83-89
_______ _ ...65
manualsuppliestechnicalinforma-
tion,use,andmaintenanceofthefollowing
quipage:
2.
dexpedientassaultboat bridge.
anceboatand6-tonpneumaticfloat.
oO
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S
eringotherstream-crossingequipageare
274(whenprinted),and TM5-275(when
calconsiderationsinstreamcrossings
gisdividedinto threephasesasfollows:
singofthefirst infantrytroopsbymeans
atsor transportaircraftmaybeusedto
ats.
tructionofinfantrysupportraftstocarry
ponscarrierstothefarshore.Someof the
peration.Wheneverpracticableafoot-
gthisphase.In someinstancesexpedient
econstructedofinfantrysupportraft
ridgesarebuilt.
ybecontinuedinoperation.Ponton
terdirectartilleryfireandall small-arms
rombridgesites.
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GEQUIPAGE
ge3
ent8
ipage.Assaultboatsarelight, easily
arrythe leadingelementsoftheassaultin
M2assaultboats arealsousedin construc-
raft andtheexpedientassaultboatbridge.
.Assaultboatsareissuedtoengi-
eInciuded m
eTotal
2142
norengineer
.a.Designfeatures.(1)Theas-
2)is ascowtypeplywoodboatwitha square
htlytaperedbow.Eachboat isequipped
ER-,rTREADWAYSPACER-INNER/ HINGE
2.
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sandoneboat-connectingpin,sothattwo
therstern-to-sterntoformanassault boat
acers,tosp;icetheplywoodtreadways,are
ftheassaultboats andareusedwhenthe
ridge.
fassaultboatM2.
asthefollowingspecifications:
ches.
ches.
0pounds.
oardof4inches5,300pounds.
oardof8inches(ap-
tboatare',{6-inchmahoganyplywood,
wood,andthe transomis%-inchfirply-
thebottom,sides,andends oftheboatare
ipswhicharefastenedtothe boatwith
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EQUIPAGE5
deofthe bottomiscoveredwithaflooring
frames.Thestripskids,fixedtothe
ngloadingandtransport,aremadeof oak.
edrab.
eingpaddledbythree-manengineercrew.
arrying12infantrymenandthree-manengineercrew.
mancrewisneededtooperatetheas-
Theboatwillcarrysafelyanyone ofthe
-equippedinfantrymenandweaponsinaddi-
neercrew:
n)withindividualweaponsandcombat
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unsquads(tenmen)withtwocaliber.30
boxesof ammunition.
squad(sevenmen)withcaliber.30heavy
sofammunition.
anheavymachine-gunsquad,three-manengineer
caliber.30,and13boxesofammunition.
arryingseven-man81-mmmortarsquad,three-manengineer
50roundsofammunition.
nsquad(sevenmen)withcaliber.50
esofammunition.
ads(tenmen)with two60-mmmortars
on.
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EQUIPAGE5
evenmen)with81-mmmortarand 50
onplatoonwiresection(eightmen)
.
beingloadedwith37-mmantitankgun.
carryingfive-manantitankguucrew,three-manengineercrew,
100roundsofammunition.
edtogetherare bestusedtocarrythe
tsfive-mansquad,anengineercrewof at
st 100roundsofammunition.
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ecombat-equippedsoldiersarerequired
eapons,equipment,andammunition.The
ila point100to200 yardsfromthestream
turnedover,carrieduprighttothewater's
arrieduprightbytwelveinfantrymen.
anengineercrew,Theengineerin
t thesternandsteers.Theother twoen-
elateithersideof thebowandpaddle.
engersalsopaddle.
ment.Theboatsarenestedfor
maybecarriedon2V^-tontrucksoron
Handling.(1)Tosaveweightthe
edthan heaviertypesofsmallboatsin
andledwith care.
breakeasily.Caremustbeexercisedto
readway.
airstothebottomor sidesoftheassault
yingplywoodandmetalpatchesto theout-
ingmethodissatisfactoryforeffecting
etheholetoan openingofsquareorrec-
eofplywoodto fittightlyinthe enlarged
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EQUIPAGE
esofaluminumorother metal,eachpiece
he enlargedopeningandprovidespacefor
otheopening,placeone metalpatchon
the inside,andnailtheminto place,clinch-
osening.
pairedwithpatchesofsheetmetal,pref-
coatingofwhite leadontheoutsideand
clinchedontheinside.Bullet holesmay
thpegs,wadsofpaper,adhesivetape,or
bereplaced.
ive-drabpaintissatisfactorysincethe
elativelyshortperiodsoftime.The boat
e arewellprotectedbyconstructionand
sseldomrequired.Whenrecalkingis
rinecalkingcompoundsuchascanoeglueis
dneverbeusedin theseboats.Itisnot
tbeforeusingit.
houldbestoredundercover,protected
orebeingplacedinstoragefor protracted
d,cleaned,inspected,and,ifnecessary,
aceis limited,boatsmaybenestedin
The bottomofthelowermostboatineach
refullysoastosupportit andallowfree
ofassaultboatMl.
assaultboatMl(fig. 10)hasbeen
boatM2.Sincea considerablenumberof
,thisboatis describedbriefly:
e,flat-bottomedboatconstructedof
heslong,weighsabout200pounds,andhas
mately3,000poundswitha5-inchfree-
mallerthanthatof theM2assaultboat).
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tiontothetwo-manengineercrew,anyone
mbat-equippedinfantrymenandweapons:
idualweapons.
lightmachinegun,andtwentyboxes
heavymachinegun,andthirteenboxes
machinegun,andfourboxesofammu-
mmortar,and50 roundsofammunition;
ortar,and150 roundsofammunition.
entofinfantrycommunicationplatoon
otequippedwithhingeconnections
ntons.
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EQUIPAGE12-14
position,andassignmentofequipage.12-14
15-23
2
ysupport33-35
2
tbridges43-50
dtransportationofraftand
e51-57
ANDASSIGNMENTOF
4
trysupportraftisusedto ferrycom-
aneight tonsgrossweight.Construction
hesecondphaseofa rivercrossing.
n constructionoftheraftsmaybeused
theinfantrycoveringforce.Assoonas
ableandthesituationpermits,raftsare
peration.
ftrequiressix assaultboats(M2)con-
ern,toformthreeassaultboat pontons;
sixfordeckingontheraftand twofor
twelvesiderailclamps;one22-horsepower
paddles;andfourguylines.All ofthe
raft(pluscertainspares),constituting
tableI),iscarriedon onetruckandtrailer.
ge.Thelightpontoncompanyis
upportrafts,andarmyengineerdepots
age.Nootherengineerorganizationis
ortraft.
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rtraft
carriedononetruckand trailer)
withconnectingpin
2feet-.....
epowerwithaccessories,
carryingcase(sevenper
g-._ _
_.._
ot(guvline)
pletewithtwoconnecting
GE
17
saultboatM2is describedinpara-
Aplywoodtreadwayhasanover-all
of7inches,and awidthof3 feet1inch.The
s12feet.Eachtreadwayis equippedwith
whichare heldinplace,whennotin use,by
din thesidesofthetreadway.A flexible
he fingersandinsertingaconnectingpin
holesoftwotreadways.Arigidjoint ismade
ofone treadwaywiththefingersofthe
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EQUIPAGE
URFACE
LES
adway.
pin.Twotreadwayconnectingpins,
plywoodtreadway,areheldinplaceinthe
inspringlocks.Thepinis L-shapedand
feet11%inches long,%inchindiameter,
esistingsteel.
sareusedtostrengthenthe raftand
avingthetreadways.Thesiderailsare
12feet.Inthe constructionofaraft,the
heinside edgesoftheplywoodtreadway
lclampsto theunderedgesoftheassault
eefig.12.)
mpsareusedin eachrafttoholdto-
odtreadways,andassaultboatpontons.
thesiderail clampusedwiththe10-ton
sabout10pounds.
nesareused toalinetheraftduring
during loadingandunloadingofve-
d200feet of%-inchmanilaropeforthis
achraftunitincludesone22-horse-
mpletewithaccessories,spareparts,and
heemptychestweighs100pounds;with
esitweighs150pounds;the motorweighs
s40 minutesononefilling(2%gallons)
mationisprintedon thegastankof
ssofthe motorswhiletheyareinuse,
mthemotortothehandrailof thefloat.
t.Onewoodenchestisincludedwith
ail clampsandspareconnectingpins.
eelutilitytrailerusedtotransportthe
ruck-typesuspensionanda rectangular-
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ERS
elmembers.Thedrawbaristelescopic,
entsoflengthforvariousloadings.The
oximately2,000poundsandwillcarrya
whenthe traileristowedbya 21^-ton
eed3,300pounds.Hand-operatedscrews,
eusedto holdtheloadin position.
6
siteshouldpossessthefollowing
silyconstructedapproachroadsfrom
riorconstructionofthenear-shore
linorderto getraftequipmenttotheriver.
oresitesneednotbe directlyoppositeone
rrentisdesirable.Locationofsiteina
ndis favorable.
dbefreefromsnags,rocks,shoals,
chwouldinterferewithmovementof
notbesohighor steepastorequire
pproach.Theyshouldbefirmenough
clearedareaatthenear-shoresitei s
stackingassaultboats,treadways,clamps,
Tacticalconsiderationsgoverningse-
in FM5-6.
heapproachroadfromtheexisting
d,andthesiteclearedto providespace
ndloadingofrafts.Theraft equipage
t constructionsites.Preparationof
tionofthetreadwaysupport(sec.V),
etimethe assaultboatsareavailablefor
e.Theraftcanbebuilteitherdi-
ruckloads, orfromequipagepreviously
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GEQUIPAGE
equipageshouldbeplacedclosetothe
eisrequired forraftconstructionwhen
ayconnectingpinsarebent,when boat
t,fouled,oriced,or whenthereisdirtor
fingers.
portraft(sketch).
Theequipageforastandardraft
8 plywoodtreadways,6siderails,12side-
tor,and4 guylines.Acompletedraft,
uylines,is showninfigure12.Oner aft
roximately5minutesas follows:
placedstern-to-stern,paralleltoshore,
htwoboatconnectingpinsto makean
3).A lineisfastenedtoeach endandheld
t.*
ysarebalancedacrossthegunwalesof
dwayspacers(fig.14).
recarriedforwardandtheir endsin-
irstpair(fig.15);two treadwayconnecting
ointtoformthe rigidconnection.
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boatsM2beingjoinedstern-to-stern.
eadwaysplacedonfirstassaultboatponton.
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EQUIPAGE
edtreadwaysareliftedto allowsecond
enteredundersecondpairof treadways
oatpontonisshiftedintocorrectposition
ysis connectedtosecondpair.Shore-
eraisedto permitthirdassaultboatponton
econdpairoftreadways.
ultboatpontonbeinginstalled.
tionunder them(fig.18).Jointbetween
eadwaysshouldbe nesttoriverward
atponton.A guylineisfastenedto each
onton.
boveinsideedgeofeachtreadway.
areusedto fastensiderails,treadways,
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ogether.Screwpartofclampis placed
edpartovertopof siderail,andclampis
nloadandloadraft areplacedacross
ultboatpontoninstalled.
tboatpontoninstalled.
pedtodownstreamendofcenterponton
aredforoperation.
dreadyto transportinfantryammuni-
tofarshore. Constructionofanother
ybyconstructiondetail.Raftloadsfrom
port(sec.V).
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GEQUIPAGE
ft.
n30
ingpartiesrequiredfortheconstruc-
t-carrying,thetreadway-carrying,the
ylinesections.A suggestedorganization
ws:
srapidconstructionofthe initialraft
thesamesite.Whentheraft iscon-
theshore,sufficientpersonnelispro-
t atime;whentheraftis constructed
theboat-carryingsectionisreducedto
rtheboatsintoplace.
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ERS
.a.Thissectionconsistsofone non-
sixteenmen,additionalmenbeingadded
ongdistance.'Eightmenarerequired
ches,anddeliverstwoboatsat atime
on.Thesectionthencarries,launches,
thenext twopontonsoftheraft.The
pontonsintoplacebeneaththetreadway.
s,places,andfastensthesiderails after
placedandspacedbythetreadway-carry-
tions.
ction.a.Thissectionconsistsofone
ndsixteenmen.Eightmenare required
enumbermust beincreasedwhenitis
ce.
aysisbroughtdownandbalancedacross
n.
waysisconnected.Thetreadway-car-
oreends oftheconnectedtreadwaysso
tionmaypushthesecondassaultboat
aysisconnectedandthethirdassault
scribedinc above.
thetwoapproachtreadways,asdirected
thenear-shoreendoftheraft treadways.
n.a.Thissectionconsistsofonenon-
fourmen.Thesectiontakesitsplacein
firsttwo boatsfromtheboat-carrying
ontonisassembledandheldin position
onwhilethefirst pairoftreadwaysis
arryingsection.
treadwaysis connected,theriveras-
iningthemtogetherand theninsertsthe
gpinsineachjointtoformthe rigid
ontonisshiftedintoits correctposition
on.
the treadwaycarriersinconnectingthe
ssectionconsistsoffourmen.The
guylinetoeachend oftheriverwardassault
nposition(fig.12).Thelines arepayed
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EQUIPAGE32-35
ast pontonisplaced,guylinesareat-
near-shoreponton.Theguylinesection
hileitis beingloaded.
WAYSUPPORT
ortmustbeprovidedasa bearingfor
etreadwaysofthe raftwhenloadingor
.Dependingonthesite,thissupportmay
wwateror onshore.
.a.Theshallowwatersupportis
rclosetoshoreis tooshallowtofloatthe
a shoresupport.Itispreferablethat
nchesdeepwithinlessthan 20feetofshore,
treadwaysareconnectedtoshoretread-
ntsas shown.Thetopofthesupport
4to6 inchesabovewaterlevel.Itmay
oundtogetherwithrope,orof planks,logs,
he shoretreadwayoftheraftdeckrides
the raftisloaded.Duringloading,the
estheend oftheshoretreadwaydown
pport(fig.21).Whenthevehicleis loaded
yisdisconnected,theshoretreadwayof
thesupportasshown.Ifthe raftcan-
0feetofshore,the approachcanbeextended
adways.
resupportisutilizedif thesitehas
0inchesor more)closetoshoretofloat
dingtheassault boatpontons.Thesup-
showninfigure22 withitstopsurface
aterlevel.Itmayconsistof firmearthcut
ce,orofasill laidattheproper elevation.
equiredasshownforloadingthe raftbut
ng.Withsiteconditionsasshownin
nkmaybe utilizedasashoresupport
on.Theendsofthetreadwaysareheld
eslopingbank byguylinesasvehiclesare
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ersupport.
ofshallowwatersupport.
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GEQUIPAGE
rt.
motor38
_ 39
rryoneloaded2y2-tontruck (fig.23),
uscombinationsoflighter vehiclessuchas
e^4-tontrucks.
.Thefollowingprecautionsshould
unloading:
mlysecured.
elyplacedwith respecttotreadway
and offraftatslowspeed.All-wheel-
withvehiclessoequipped.
ardmotor.Trainingandpractice
useof outboardmotorstopropelrafts.
nstreamsofsufficientdepth.Thepropeller
ood,anditmust bekeptfreefromweeds
Onemotorattachedto thecenterponton
Theraftshouldapproacha landingwith
ts pointingeitherintothewindor against
onwhichisthe stronger.Thispermits
eraft.
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g2^-tontruck.
ing.Thewidthofthestreamde-
fora rafttocross.Araft consistingof
spropelledbyone22-horsepowermotor
urunloaded,and2 to3milesper hour
ftpropelledbytwo22-horsepowerout-
milesperhourwhenemptyand5 to6
erfavorableconditions,about2minutes
nloadonevehicle;thetimerequiredvaries
raft41
raft42
nallydesirabletoutilizetheinfantry
onstructraftsofgreater capacitythanthe
tonraft.Thisraft(fig.24)utilizes
nda deckofeighttreadways.Theeffec-
.Theraftisspeciallydesignedto accom-
ertowedbya21/2-tontruck.
tonraft.Thisraft(fig.25)utilizes
nda deckofsixtreadways.Itisdesigned
ithangledozer.
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GEQUIPAGE
t-boatpontonraft.
boatpontonraft.
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ERS
TBRIDGES
tion44
dgewithdouble-treadwaydeck46
eadwaybridge47
9
dgewithtriple-treadwaydeck50
Asanexpedient,infantrysupport
to constructabridgethatwillcarrythe
scarriersofaninfantrydivision.Sucha
2^-toncargotruck.However,thebridge
nuoususe,becauseofthelightconstruction
ys.Thebridgeis heldinpositionwiththe
dinchapter6.Approximately190feet
mthematerialsofsixrafts.
aration.Theselectionofthebridge
actorsastheinfantrysupportraft site
a satisfactoryfar-shoresitedirectlyopposite
proachroadstothe expedientbridge
andmaintenancethanraftsiteapproach
ervolumeoftraffichandledby thebridge.
expedientassault,boatbridgemay
ble-treadwaydecksimilartothedeckofthe
ha solid,ortriple-treadway,deck.
tbridgewithdouble-treadway
adwaybridge(fig.26)has thefollowing
-treadwaybridge(fig.29):
requickly.
ays.
ructionparty.
ridgehasthefollowingdisadvantages
e-treadwaybridge:
afficcapacity,especiallyatnight,when
pon treadways.
nghorsesormules,becauseofcenter
ngsolomotorcycles.
e-treadwaybridge.Construction
dgeisgenerallysimilartothat ofthein-
owingorganizationissuggestedfor
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GEQUIPAGE
efloats,usingtheequipageas itisunloaded
truction
bridgewithdouble-treadwaydeck.
Boat-carryingsection.Thissection,
missionedofficerandsixteenmen,carriesthe
efromthetrucksto theriverandlaunches
hboat.
tion.Thissection,consistingofone non-
sixteenmen,carriesthetreadwaystothe
ayfingersinto thoseofthetreadwaysin
ebridgeso astoforma rigidjointbe-
.26.)Treadwaysarespacedbetweenthe
ersas intherafts.Eachtreadwayis
derailsection,consistingofonenon-
eightmen,delivers,places,andclampsthe
t pontons.Asiderailisplaced abovethe
aywiththe 6-inchsidevertical.Theyare
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drailswithsiderailclampsplacedscrew
curedtoapproachtreadwaysbysiderail
partsdown,and,ifnecessary,holesaredug
lowerendsoftheseclampsfromstriking the
sovertheapproachtreadways(fig.26).
beplacedon their6-inchsidesontheinside
ccommodatethey-tontruck.
(1)Theriverassemblysection,con-
sionedofficerandtenmen,connectsthe
ultboatpontons andplacesthetreadway
dwayjoints.Thefirst bayofthebridge
ayslocatedthesameontheassaultboat
upport raft.Thesecondandfollowing
paced10feetapart, center-to-center.
saultboats toformassaultboatpontons,
Fourmeninserttreadwayconnectingpins
pontonsunderthetreadwaysasrequired.
ficerdirectsthenear-shoreassemblyofthe
uylinesectionconsistsof onenoncom-
manperguyline. Guylinesmaybeused
ge doesnotexceed150feetandthe current
r hour;otherwise,anchorcablesshouldbe
attachesguylines totheupstreamand
r-shoreassaultboatpontonandto every
herefrom.
Whenananchorcableistobeused,one
ndmaintainthe anchorcable.Thesection
ssionedofficerandeightmen.
oadsthematerialsandthe assaultboats
able.
tthenear-shoreholdfastcarrythe
oneratchetchainhoist,fourcableclips,
cessarytoolsto thepointdesignatedbythe
sthelocationfor thenear-shoreholdfast
oad intotheboattheanchorcable,
es,fourcableclips,oneholdfastwithnine
ytoolsandlashingsforthe construction
r-shoreholdfast.(Seefig.27.)
bleispassedfromthe boattothetwo
-shoreholdfast.Thenoncommissioned
movesacrossthestream.
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EQUIPAGE
hanchorcableattached.
hore,range polesmarkingthefar-shore
replacedbythenoncommissionedofficer.
ationofthe far-shoreanchorcableholdfast.
e completedholdfastbymeansoffourcable
dbythetwomenonthe nearshore(fig.28).
e farshoretomaintainthefar-shore
sionedofficerandtheremainingfivemen
ore.
inhoistusedwithcablegripstoadjustanchorcabletension.
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aintainthenear-shoreholdfast.
dofficerdirectstheattachmentofthe
ablefromtheassaultboat pontons.One
hethirdassaultboatpontonfrom thefar-
dtoeverysixthassaultboat pontonthere-
neendof abridlelineto theanchor
nassaultboatpontonasdirected bythe
,adjuststhelengthofthebridleline as
ovesacrossthe stream,andmakesthe
leline whenthebridgereachesthefar
dtothefar-shoreendofthe bridgeto
towardthefar shoreasthebridgeis
s.Theendsofthefloatingportions
dto shorebyhinge-joint-connectedtread-
orunloadingsimilarto thoserequired
lsorequiredforexpedientassaultboat
uy linesareattachedtoassaultboat
assistinholdingthe bridgeinplace
tbridgewithtriple-treadway
heexpedienttriple-treadwaybridgeuti-
waysperbaytoprovidea soliddeckof8
Theconstructionofthisbridgeis similar
dwaybridgewiththefollowingexceptions
, 1i.
W
ORT
ssaultboatbridgewithtriple-treadwaydeck,
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EQUIPAGE50-54
edin placeoftwo.
onsareinsertedbetweeneachouter
eadway.
onoutsideedgesofoutertreadways;
withscrewpartup.
of spacersonthepontonsareused.
anizationforthetriple-treadwaybridge
ctionofthedouble-treadwaybridgewith
thetreadway-carryingsectionisin-
eriverassemblysection;hisdutyi s
nsbetweenadjacenttreadways.
Theabutmentconnectionsaremadein
edouble-treadwaybridge.(Seepar.49
DTRANSPORTATIONOFRAFT
EQUIPAGE
page57
maintenanceofassaultboatsiscovered
Sincetreadwaysaremadeofplywood,
d,dry,andwell ventilatedatalltimeswhen
esorlessin thesandedflooringofthe
redwithsheetmetalfastenedwithsmall
ndleavesfromenteringand causingthe
aystorot anddecay.Treadwayswith
aced.Afingershould notberepairedin
oneinshops.
ouldbecleaned,inspected,andpainted
eoperationofoutboardmotorscanbe
nstructionscontainedinthemanufacturer's
nedintheuse ofmotorsshouldberespon-
dmaintenance.Thefollowingpointswill
ainingoutboardmotors:
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ERS
eprovidedandmust alwaysbeusedwhen
ck.Motorsmustriotbe dropped,whether
d becoveredwhennotinuse.
anufacturerregardingpropermixture
ardingsparkplugsareespeciallyimportant
tly.
sfrequentlycausefailureofanoutboard
eproperly.Operatorshouldalwayscarry
rysparkplugsin hispocketsothatplugscan
ary.
hibitedfromdisassemblingmotor,except
nsertingspareparts,and removingand
Otherrepairsshouldbeperformedin
fskilledmechanics.
edin replacingshearpin,damagedpro-
whichsparesarefurnishedwiththemotor.
edrained ofallwaterwhilestill ina
entswaterfromenteringcylindersthrough
tingandhardstartinglater.Motor should
anddirt.
.Siderailclampsshouldbetight-
connectingpinsatthejointsshouldbe
ns donotworkout.Damagedequipage
mentofthebridgeshouldbe maintained
Theclampsandguylinesshould
mpnessseriouslyaffectsthelife ofrope;
emadeforcleaning,drying,andcoilingthe
tsgrit fromworkingintoandcuttingthe
he clampsshouldnotbelubricated;this
ofdirtand dustthatcausesmoreserious
oeslackoflubrication.
quipage.Attachmentofraftsto
rmallyin incrementsofsixraftstogether
whichareloadedonsix2^-tontrucksand
s.Acompleteraftsetis carriedonone
x assaultboatsandsixsiderailsare
ultboatmaybe carriedupsidedownon
mulationofwaterinsidethe boats.Tread-
dtheremainingsmallpartsofthe raftare
etwoferrysets canbecarriedonanytwo
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GEQUIPAGE58-60
entofequipage59
ipage60
2
bridgesite63
onbysuccessivebays64
5
quipage70
dgeisusedforrapidpassageoffoot
enreinforced,it willalsocarry37-mm
nmentofequipage.a.Bridge
ffootbridgeconsistsof
oothandle-__.
footlengths,withsnapsoneachend(bridle
0-footlengths(handraillines)
0-footlengths(guylines)
nized,6by19,caststeel,600-footlengths,
anchorcable).
bridgeisissued toeachlightponton
equipage.a.Duckboard.(1)
)is madeofwhitepineandconsists ofa
by7by22 inchesmountedontwolongi-
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nchesby 12feet.Theduckboardweighs
s.Thefloorsurfaceoftheduckboardis
aint.Eachendofthe duckboardhasa
ith whichtoattachtheduckboardto
acerblocksareplacedbeneaththeduckboard
boardonthe floats.
onnectors.
onnectors,latched.
s,forcethewedge-shapedmalefas-
the femalefasteninguntilthelugssnap
ofthe malefastening.Thefasteningsmay
tingatthe topofthehandrailpost.The
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EQUIPAGE
holeintheduckboardslator crosspiece
lefasteningandrotateduntiltheleaves
priedopen enoughtoreleasethemale
efig. 33)isawhite-pinecrate10 feet
sincrosssection.Thecratecontains
,thedisplacementofwhichgivesbuoyancy
s approximately85pounds.Itwill
ndhandrailposts.
eis providedateachendofthe float,
okisprovidedforthefloat cable
sareprovidedontopof eachfloatfor
uckboardorduckboards(threepairsof
theduckboard,theduckboardisplaced
gfastenersonbothsidesof theduckboard
the duckboardstringers.Thehandles
vedclearofthefootway.(Seefigs.34
minumhandrailposthasabronzefitting
areceiverforthehandrailmanilaline and
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etheduckboardfasteners.Thepostisat-
tringerbymeansofa slotinthebottom
bayareused,oneoneachside ofthe
anchorcableandbridlelinesare used
construction,toaidinaliningit aftercon-
finalposition.Theguylines areusedfor
chorcableand bridlelinesbutguy lines
ge isbuiltin stillwater.Thefloatcable
andoverturningofthefootbridgebyswift
in use;thecableisattachedto theup-
hesiterequirementsaresimilarto
rfloatingbridges.Tacticalrequirements
6.
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EQUIPAGE
edtodupkboard.
uckboardtofloat
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ERS
naroad,path,or otherclearedapproach
thebridgeequipmenttothe siteand
ntoffoottroopsacrossthe bridge.
thenearshorelargeenoughfor shore
cilitatesconstruction.
ottomatthesite shouldbefirmand
about 6inchesdeepisreachedat adistance
e.It ispreferablethatwaternotover
hed20to 30feetfromshore.
nsareseldomfound;the timeofcon-
ntheyarenotfulfilled.
on.a.Bysuccessivebays.Thenor-
onisbysuccessivebays.Abayconsistsof
,andtwohandrailposts.Singlebaysare
onshore,carriedintothewater,andconnected
e completedportionofthebridge.The
ridgeisthen movedthelengthofonebay
othat thenextbaymaybefloatedand
andbridlelines, orguylines,maybe used
on.Thebridgecanbe constructedin
20to30 feetperminute.
smethod,twoormorebaysareassembled
tachedasaunit totheshoreendof the
ethodrequiresmoremen,moretime,and
ngpartiesthanconstructionbysuccessive
chingasawnit.Theentirebridgemay
donshore,pickedupasaunit,carried out
acrossthe waterway.Thismethodis
ofabridge acrossanarrowandsluggish
mpracticablewhensteepbanks,brush,
present atthebridgesite.
stobridgesite.a.Thefootbridge
ardintrucksto apointnotfarfrom the
disthen hand-carriedtothesite.Equip-
hore assemblysiteinthefollowingorder:
s,tools,duckboards,floats,andhandrails.
oadedanddispatchedinthat order.
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EQUIPAGE
and-carries,theloadsshould bedis-
n.
0 perman.
erman.
n.
men.
ontonunit)10 men.
dto carryanentireunitof thebridgeat
ckboardsstackedatsite.
e site,equipmentshouldbestackedin
lsforanchorcablesandholdfastsarepre-
sareplacedatonesideof thetemplateand
postsontheother.Whensufficientspace
tionsite,materialsmaybe stackedashort
dup asneeded.
ructionbysuccessivebays.a.
isusuallyconstructedbysuccessiveaddi-
ear-shoreend.
tructionshouldbeunderthe supervisionof
onedofficer.Supplyofbridgematerialsto
ya secondofficerornoncommissioned
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nddutiesofsections.
astmate-
noncommis-
eceiveand
omfar-shore
ghtenand
ponorder of
officer.Assist
carry assem-
nunit-
oatwith
sforpreparing
dfast.(Mate-
efloatcable
henfloatcable
orcableto
tofarshore
mboat.
orcable
oldfastand
tightencable.
mblysec-
twobays
ore,shore-
duckboard
ableis
fastandnear-
ghtencable,
bridgefast
lelines to
irected.
horcable
an.One
ofcompleted
nderare
oper inter-
ed.Alinement
andlingof
ssriver.As
shore,final
lelines made
enmoveto
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GEQUIPAGE
d down-
ayofbridge.
irectmove-
rway;two
andfasten
ownstream
rbays of
ytwo men
fastenlines.
allguy lines
ssemble
menhandle
eeachduck-
rails:'total
ateforalin-
rdmaybe
.Noncom-
ork.Place
ceduckboard
twofloats,
easeto
n.
bayfrom
rewardendof
e(oneman
ts).Launch
ssembly
om
n,movebayto
andcouple
ionofbridge
aleduckboard
holdcom-
dassist in
ommissioned
ge and
bridgeout
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ction
ndoffirst
postonbridge
dshandrail
soneachside
womenre-
streamand
ge,topayout
o picketson
completed.
near-
opointdesig-
edofficerof
tcable
omenprepare
ay outcable;
ofcableto
scableinhook
oat,except
re.a.Officerincharge.Theofficer
erinchargeofconstruction
med.
whetheranchorcablesorguylines
reupstreamendsoffloatsenter waterat
ronfar shore.
structtheirsections,givescommand:
rvisionoverallpartsof work.
es.(1)Anchorcable.(a)Theanchor
ed exceptwhenthethewaterwayhaslittle
mustbeplacedandsecuredbeforebridge
nchorcablesectioncarriestheassaultboat,
unit,andthe necessarymaterialstothe
cableisto crossthestream.Theboatis
bleonits reel,astickonwhichreelmay turn,
ges.
ar-shorepartofthesectionremain
heanchorcablewhileit isbeingunreeled
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EQUIPAGE
orcable.
holdfastwhenasuitableonedoesnot
bleto theholdfast.Thenoncommissioned
etailofsix menpaddleacrossthestream.
the reelinthecenterof theboatand
boatcrossesthestream.Thenoncommis-
eremainingmenpaddle.Uponreachingthe
aded.Thenoncommissionedofficerutilizes
mp)for theanchorcableifoneis available;
llationofapreparedholdfast.Anchor
thenear-shoregrouporderedtotightenit.
ebeingcarriedacrossstreaminassaultboat.
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g.39) isused,asecondholdfastis pre-
e.Thefar-shorementhen standbyto
e.Atthemomentwhenonlytwomore
etebridge,thenoncommissionedofficer
rshore.
ableandanchorcable.
oinsthe assembly-carryingdetailwhen
mpleted.
eused toguidethebridgeacrosswater-
esareattachedasthe bridgeisunder
mmissionedofficerinchargeoftheguy line
andnumberoflinestobe attachedand
elines.Linesare madefasttoduck-
re madefasttotheriverwardend ofthe
.) Mentakepositionsatdesignatedhold-
OARD
es.
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EQUIPAGE
bbing aroundtheholdfastswhennecessary
ebridge.Whenthe bridgeiscompleted,
esaremadefast totheshorepickets.
Theshoreassemblysectionattachesthe
ndfastensthehandrailsto theduckboards.
deof driftpinsorstakesdrivenintothe
one endofeachofthe twofloatsfacilitates
acingtapestretchedbetweenthesestakes
ewhenthebridgeisconstructedatnight.
rassemblyofbay.
oat, procurefloatsandplacethem
achthehandrailpoststo theduckboard
educkboardonthe floats(seefig.42).
connectthemtothe duckboardbymeans
theduckboardisplaced.(Seefig.35.)
dbaytobridge.Theassembly-carrying
mtemplate,carriesthemtoriver,and
feachfloat ofbay.Bayispickedup
owater,andturnedovertor iverassembly
mpletedportionofbridge.(Seefig.43.)
etedportionofbridge.Theriveras-
hebaytotheshorewardendof thecom-
tionismadeasfollows:Fourmenmove
f bridge.Thenoncommissionedofficer
e,guidesthejointstogether,andassists
efig.44.)Twomenofsectionwhohold
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ealso assistinmakingconnection.After
vebeenconnected,completedportionof
12feetand heldtherebytwomen.
embledbaytowaterway.
Onemanofhandrailsectionmakes
stduckboardandthentakespost on
readinghandraillinesthrough handrail
geispushedout.(Seefig. 44.)Thetwo
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EQUIPAGE
onnectedtocompletedportionofbridge.
linesattachedbeingconnectedtobridge.
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oneupstreamand onedownstreamfrom
ines andmakethemfasttonear shore
Far-shoredetailmakesfastthefar-shore
eachesfar shore.Handraillinesarefas-
figure49.
ckboards.Twomenfromshoreas-
picketsapproximately1footfromshore-
ckboardandlashduckboardstringersto
oreassemblysectionperformsameoper-
of bridge.(Seefig.48.)
oatcabletofloat.
Menshouldcrossatdoubletimeand
ttwopaces.Toogreatconcentrationof
useaportionofit tosubmerge.
ueatdoubletime untilrearelements
utecancrossthebridgein daylight
thedark.
icerinchargeofbridgeconstruction
ops.Hestationsanoncommissionedofficer
andcontrolmovement.Priorityoftraffic
e localorhighercommander.Inthe
dgetrafficiscontrolledbythe engineer
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EQUIPAGE67-68
Workingsectionsfordismantlingare
as forconstruction.Ingeneral,thepro-
dge assembly.Anexceptionisthefloat
oncetoexpeditetheremovalofbays
fbridlelines (floatcableinplace).
stenedtoshore.
oatcablehas beenremoved,caremust
adthebridge.
.Assemblyofbays.Thereinforced
educkboards,sixfloats,andtwohand-
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omoneunitof bridge144feetof
onstructed.
blesandfloatcablesarerequiredwith
nthebridgeis carryingmaximumloads
tresistancetothecurrent.
able,bridleline,handrailline,and
thesamesizeas forthenormalbridge
shoreassemblydetailsare required,
ommissionedofficerandtenmen.The
increasedtoonenoncommissionedofficer
asttwo shoreassemblydetailsworking,
beconstructedinabouttwicethe time
thof footbridge.
eadyforuse.
ridgewillcarry
owedbyhand.
f threesatawalk,at rateof100men
f twosatarun,at rateof150men
withwide intervalswhenfloatcables
hsidecarsmayalsocross.
ebayarevirtuallyuselessas ferries
pacityandtheextremedifficultyofcon-
evenin stillwater.Eaftsmadeofone
roftwo bayswithfloatsdovetailedand
fsomeutilityin ferryingoperations,but
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EQUIPAGE
adaptedto thepurpose.Theserafts
dbymeansof cablesorropes;without
ageable.
eofequipage.a.General.All.
ouldbe carefullyinspectedatfrequent
kenpartsshouldberepairedor replaced,
ted,andgreasedas required.Awell-
shouldbe usedforstoringequipment.
ouldbekeptfromcontactwithgroundand
ayofreinforcedbridge.
lationthroughthestacks.Standardolive-
aintingpartsofequipmentrequiring
emblingthebridgetheduckboardfast-
ouldbehandledcarefully.Thereis much
e dismantlingoperationifeachbayis
whileitis stillafloat.Indisconnecting
ebridge,the lugonendofhandrail post
eytoseparatethespring leavesbyturning
anangleof90.Whenthe jointdoesnot
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onshouldbeaccomplishedbyjigglingand
anby attemptingtoforcethemapart.
apartwiththehandrailposts resultsonly
rds andhandrailposts.
oroil damagestherubberblocksused
atsshouldnotbe storedindoorsnext
ampipes,noroutdoorsin thesun.The
ksbecomebrittleintime. Tearsand
celeratedeteriorationofthematerial.The
oatstoduckboardsshouldbesecuredbythe
ngof2%-tontruck.
sefastenersshouldbekeptcleanand
ndoiledbeforethe floatsareplacedin
ndrailpostsarenotdesignedfor useas
usedas such.
keptdryandcleanandshould becare-
oiledbeforestoring.Theharnesssnaps
houldbecleaned,dried,andoiledbefore
eshouldbetakentoavoidkinkingcables.
a cabletoholdfasts,asuitableloopshould
hthecableclips provided(seepar.48/).
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EQUIPAGE70-71
nfasteningeitherend.Formationof
f thecableshouldbeavoided.
ourli/z-tontrucks.Thestandardload
etofbridge.Fouriy2-tontrucksare
f thebridge.
Thestandardloadfor2i/-tontruck
e21/^-tontrucksarerequiredtocarryoue
.51.)
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ERS
AND6-TONFLOAT,
4-77
reconnaissanceboatsand6-tonpneu-
ngineerunits tosupplementothertypesof
ofacilitatereconnaissance,andtocrosssmall
eams.
hisequipmentismadeofrubberized
sarelight inweightandeasilyportable.
6
eumaticreconnaissanceboat(fig.52)
feet wide.Ittaperstoa pointatthebow
untendatthestern. Itisformedof rub-
chesindiameter,whichis dividedbybulk-
ents.Theboathasaflooringof rubberized
oundthe outside.Therearetwoinflat-
10 incheswide,and6inchesdeep.Inside
hcontainsanemergencyrepairkitandtwo
atweighsapproximately55poundsand
mentof1,600pounds.Itwillcarrysix men
reissuedwitheach boat.Deflated,the
ntoa carryingcase3feetlongand18
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GEQUIPAGE
ssanceboat.
Handpumpsareusedto inflate
nflationbyanair compressorisnotrecom-
nflatedin 10minutesbyuseof twohand
heboatcan beinflatedbymouth.Air
nttoround outtheairchambers.Air
utnot hardandshouldyieldto pressure
hand.
nt. Thepneumaticboatisused pri-
work(fig.53).Inflatedit canbecarried
edtosupplementassaultboatsinsecond
ssings (fig.53).
Thedirectionsinparagraph82for the
pneumaticreconnaissanceboat.The
dwiththereconnaissanceboatis similar
onfloat.
___ 78
____________ 79
_____ -_____________________ 80
_______________ 81
_________ 82
6-tonpneumaticfloat(figs.54and 55)
,and2 feetdeep.Itismadeof rubberized
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tertube, afloor,andaremovablecentral
esindiameter.
reconnaissance.
rcrossing.
ofpneumaticreconnaissanceboat.
dedbybulkheadsintoeightcompart-
teinflationvalve.Strapsonthe outertube
rstructuretothefloatwhenconstructingex-
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EQUIPAGE
tubeisdividedinto twocompartments.
place.Thiscentraltubeincreasesthe
aintainsbuoyancywhenthefloatissub-
ovedwhenthefloatis usedasapersonnel
undtheoutsideofthefloat;it isnot
reattachedtothe floatforcarrying
vationof6-tonfloat.
eumaticfloat.
imately375poundsandhasa maximum
ounds.Itiscarriedfoldedin acanvascase
sdeep.Includedineachcaseisan emer-
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ddlesina canvascaseareissuedwitheach
a.Pneumaticfloatsmustbein-
edshould befreeofoil.The floatmay
ly3minutesbyusing afour-hoseinflation-
estandardaircompressor.
the floatshouldnotexceediy2pounds
essuretheairchambersarefirmbut not
appliedbytheheelof thehand.Addi-
ngtobuoyancyandwill damagethefloat.
houldbeanticipated.Floatsinflatedto
meoverinflatedifairis notreleasedasthe
stbeaddedas thetemperaturedrops.Air
kedregularly.
movingvalvecapsandallowingair
airshouldbe drawnoutwiththeinfla-
makethefloateasiertopackin asmall
edfloatsshouldbecarried,not
sthefabric.
nt.a.Personnelcarrier.Thefloat
sar econnaissanceboatoras anassault
g.56).Asanassaultboat, itshouldnot
sit istoovulnerabletosmall-armsfire.
arrypersonnelorequipment,thecentral
sabletolayplanksontheflooring to
bric.Thefloatwillaccommodate15men
maticfloatemployedasanassault boat.
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EQUIPAGE81-82
mnumberthatcanbecrowdedonis30.
rtube andpropelthefloatwithpaddles.
able,asmanyas 15maybeusedto propel
Raftsmaybeassembledofpneumatic
eadways,siderails,andsiderailclamps
equipment(seech.3).Siderails,used
theoutertubesof thefloatsandare
dwaysarelaidacrossthe floatsillsand
esidesofthe floats.Siderailsare
ideedges ofthetreadways.Araftmade
tsandsix plywoodtreadwayshasaca-
0tons.
t.
s notavailable,superstructuremay
materials.Planksmaybeusedas float
esorlarger,telephonepoles,orlogsmay
planksatleast2inchesthick willserveas
dtotie partsofthesuperstructureto-
ceonthefloats.
e constructedwithcentraltubesfrom
milarplanks.(Seefig.57.)
.Storage.Becauseheatandsunlight
ber,pneumaticfloatsshouldbestoredin
eyshouldbekept thoroughlycleaned
dshould bekeptoffthegroundon planks
oatsarestoredon a,beach,theyshould
opreventtheirbecomingfilledwithwater.
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ted,allvalvecapsshould beontightto
yrepairkit.Packedineachfloat-
encyrepairkitcontainingpiecesofrub-
atcher,abottleofrubber cement,valve
oller,a pairofscissors,andwoodenplugs.
Cementrepairs.Smallleakscanbe
atandcoveringthe outsidewiththick
locatedthesurfacearoundthehole
escratcher,andwashedwithbenzine,
,andallowedtodry.At leasttwocoatsof
sofcementtoonepart ofbenzineorgaso-
ea.Whilethisisdrying,a pieceofrub-
eandpreparedinthe samemanner.The
he holeandrolledor presseddown
s,it isnecessaryfirsttopreparethe
a patchinsideofthetube;whereneces-
gedto permitthis.Aftertheinside
allowedtodry anoutsidepatchisapplied
gs.Temporaryrepairofsmallleaks
woodenplugsintherepairkit.They are
twistedtight.
ussionof floatrepairs,seeTIM5-275,
,M3(whenprinted).
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EQUIPAGE83-84
86
setconsistsmainlyofrope,snatch
sewithraftsand otherfloatingequipage
eferries.Theequipmentin theferry
is describedinchapter3.Construc-
uipageis describedinTM5-273.Any
nbe usedasaferryboat.
rryprinciplemaybe usedtopropel
entexceeds2milesper hour.(Seefig.
ssthe streamandmadefasttosuitable
stsare used,thecablemaybeelevated
ameerectedoneachbank.Ratchetchain
cesssagoutofthecablefrom timetotime
ockis attachedsothatthesheaveis
aneuveringlinesarerunfromthe hook
upstreamportionsoftheraft.
edasfollows:Bymeansofthema-
omthefloatsto theblock,theraftis
urrentsothatthe upstreamendsofthe
eshoreto whichitisdesiredto move
sagainstthe upstreamsidesofthe
moveacrossthestream,thesnatch
e.Speedofthe raftincreasesasitsfloats
rentuptoabout45.
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gferryworksonthesameprinciple
at theraftisheld inthestreambymeans
dwellupstreamfromthecrossingsite.
estcurrent.isnearoneshore,theanchor-
he oppositeshore;ifthecurrentis uni-
dbelocatedinmidstream.Thelengthof
oneandone-halftimesthewidth ofthe
rtedatintervalsby floatstokeepitout
madefasttotheraft atitscenter,and
ningtherafttowardoneshore ortheother
e.Astheraftmovesfromshoreto shore,it
railferry.
e,thecenterofwhichis theanchor.The
entvelocityofat least2i/2milesperhour
el.
sion.Theoutboardmotormaybe
etrail ferryorflyingferryto addspeedand
downstream.Twoormoreraftsmayuse
henumberto beuseddependinguponthe
eloadingorunloadingtime.Outboard
one,if thecurrentisnotsufficientforself-
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GEQUIPAGE
yingferry.
satisfactoryarrangementwhenthereis
erryby meansofropes.
dingstagesarenotrequiredforthe
agebutareused forthe10-tonor25-ton
etsarepart oftheorganizational
gengineerunitsandare issuedinthequan-
gineercombat battalion,engineersquad-
any;andfourto eachheavypontonbat-
setis apartofeach unitoflightand
ysetsarecarriedonvehiclesassigned
pportrafts.
nilarope
pe
ckets
and3-toncapacity
alvanizedplowsteel (on
t._
byl}i-inch
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30
2
33
31
0
5026
ansportation51-57,7031,51
3
4930
4,6514,38,39,42
4
,4726
819, 27
,98
dges43-5026
raft4224
3
raft4124
3?
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___________ 12-5711
75-7955,58
______ 8763
________________ 3723
6-23
1
___________________ 1_________ 2113
bridgesite______________________ 6338
__ 36-3923
________ 21,3813,23
______________ 78
__________ 16,5212, 31
float____________________________ 72-8254
__ 8662
____ 33
326
_________ 58-7133
_____ .______________________ 1211
_________ 2213
_____________________________ 51-57 31
_______ 12-5711
___ 40-4224
____________ 72-77 54
_ _______________________________ 68 49
_______ 40-4224
..._______________ _____________ 31 20
______ .______ ._________ 28-32,4819,27
___ _____________________________ 3421
____ _______________ ____________ 3521
_________ 18,5313,31
______________ 4426
_______ 6136
_______________ 24,2514
___ 78-8255
____ 109
____________ 77 55
___ 8259
____ 22
______ 11
________________ 3924
_ 8461
313
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n
TARYOFWAR:
, 10, 17(5); IR 5, (10);B n5(5);
.
lsseeFM21-6.)
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athitrust.org/access_
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