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TMDL OverviewTMDL Overview
Kurt Spitzerwww.florida-stormwater.org
[email protected]/561-0904
Estimates of Cost of ComplianceFlorida Consumer Fertilizer Task Force
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What is a TMDL?
The maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body or water segment can assimilate without exceeding water quality standards.
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What is a TMDL?
Last component of 1972 CWA to be implemented. Result of numerous lawsuits throughout country seeking to enforce CWA.
1999 - Consent Decree between EPA and EarthJustice in Florida. Legislature passes 403.067, FS, concerning listings.
2005 – Legislature amends 403.067, FS, concerning implementation. Adopts $100M trust fund for water quality and alternative water supply funding.
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Problem Statement
Unlike most point source discharges, urban stormwater is characterized as:
1. An unpredictable, episodic discharge
• it doesn’t rain every day - we don’t know when its going to rain, for how long, or by how much
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Problem Statement
Unlike most point source discharges, urban stormwater is characterized as:
2. From uncontrollable sources and in sometimes untreatable volumes
• it ain’t going into or coming out of “a pipe”
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Problem Statement
Unlike point source discharge programs, urban stormwater has not had the benefit of federal funding to assist in implementation
Clean Water Act – 1972Principal federal program to aid WWT plant
construction. 1972-1984 = $41 billion
The WWT grant program was the largestnon-military public works program since theInterstate Highway System
- Congressional Research Service
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Problem Statement
TMDLs:
“…..the largest unfunded environmental mandate in history”
- Jimmy Palmer, EPA Administrator
Region IV
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Estimating Costs of Compliance
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Projecting Costs
FDEP Allocation Technical Advisory Committee:
“Report to the Legislature and Governor on the Allocation of TMDLs in Florida”
• Calculate pollutant reductions if 45% of urban areas met stormwater requirements for new construction
• Calculate pollutant reductions of 90% of urban areas met stormwater requirements for new construction
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Projected Costs
City of Tallahassee 2001 Case Study
1. Developed Area = 23,607 acres
2. Percentage of area meeting state standards = 6,989 acres (30%)
3. 45% - 30% = additional 3,634 acres to be retrofitted
4. Retrofit costs = $7,500 per acre
• 45% threshold = $27.3 million
• 90% threshold = $100+ million
• Unit cost of $180 per capita
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Projected Costs
#1. FSA 2001 White Paper Estimates• Method One: 33% of State
• Impacted Population of 5,274,200• Unit Cost of $180 Per Capita • Estimated Statewide Cost: $0.950 Billion
• Method Two : Municipal Population• Impacted Population of 8,000,000
• Unit Cost of $180 Per Capita
• Estimated Statewide Cost: $1.44 Billion
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Projected Costs
#2. FSA TMDL 2002 Survey Estimates• Method 1-A: Step 1 Compliance
• Impacted Population of 5,274,200• Unit Cost of $279-$559 Per Capita • Statewide Cost: $1.474/$2.947 Billion
• Method 1-B : Step 1 Compliance • Impacted Population of 8,000,000
• Unit Cost of $279-$559 Per Capita
• Statewide Cost: $2.235/$4.470 Billion
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Projected Costs
#2. FSA TMDL 2002 Survey Estimates• Method 2-A: Step 2 Compliance
• Impacted Population of 5,274,200• Unit Cost of $796/$1,592 Per Capita • Statewide Cost: $4.198/$8.396 Billion
• Method 2-B : Step 2 Compliance • Impacted Population of 8,000,000
• Unit Cost of $796/$1,592 Per Capita
• Statewide Cost: $6.368/$12.736 Billion
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#3. 2004 Clean Watersheds “Needs Survey”Report to Congress
Category of Need Needs ($000)
Category I – Secondary Treatment $ 33,611
Category II – Advanced Treatment $ 4,595,918
Category III-A – Inflow/Infiltration Correction $ 310,526
Category III-B – Major Sewer Rehabilitation $ 960,088
Category IV-A – New Collector Sewers $ 1,752,257
Category IV-B – New Transmission Facilities $ 1,392,458
Category V – Combined Sewer Overflow Correction 0
Category VI – Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permitted Stormwater Management
$ 2,182,750
Category VII – Nonpoint Source BMPs $ 9,285,007
Category VIII – Confined Animals Point Source 0
Category IX – Mining Point Source 0
Category X – Recycled Reclaimed Water Distribution $ 1,672,115
Category XI – Estuary Management $ 63,073
Florida’s Total Projected Needs for Next 10 Years $22,247,803
(+$2.2 billion/year)
+50% NPS needs
Source: 2006 305(b)/303(d) Integrated Report to EPA
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Projecting Costs
Area of Watersheds Draining to Impaired Waters• Groups 1-4 = 7.1M acres, 650 segments• Group 5 = 3.3M acres, 180 segments• Total = 10.4 million acres
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Projecting Costs
10.4 million acres draining to Impaired Waters
but…• Some undeveloped
• Some agricultural
• Everglades
• Lake Okeechobee
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#4. Projected Costs
Total = 10.4 million acres
Assume 33% developed
3.48 million x $7,500 = $26.1B
3.48 million x $15,500 = $52.2B
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Too Many Dollars / Lb.
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Too Many Dollars / Lb.
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SUMMARY
1. Costs are overwhelming.
2. There is a grossly insufficient amount of state and/or federal assistance available.
3. It is infinitely more efficient and effective to keep pollutants out of waterbodies than it is to remove pollutants later.
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