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Tōhoku Earthquake
Japan 11th March 2011
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Population and Economy• 126,475,664 (July 2011 est.) 10th Largest Population Source: (World Factbook)
• The economy of Japan, a free market economy, is the third largest in terms of Gross Domestic Product Purchasing Power Parity(PPP) in the world after the United States and the People's Republic of China. $4.31 trillion(2010 est.)
Source: (World Factbook)
• Purchasing Power Parity – “An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency's purchasing power.”
Source;http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/ppp.asp#ixzz1kMP4RiWY
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Preparation for the hazard• The government has held big awareness campaigns. For
example all school children are being trained what to do.• The have adopted strict buildings code, for example to have
shock absorbers• Trains slow down as an earthquake starts• TV channels switch to live feed of the situation, which informs
the public of risks• They have warning systems, private or public.• Constructed special defenses. Building concrete seawalls
along the coast.• Prepared with earthquake emergency kits, including dry
rations, drinking water, basic medical supplies.• Managed to shut down power plants as soon as the
earthquake started.
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Vulnerability of the population
• Japan is considered to be a more economically developed country.(MEDC)
• 3rd richest country in terms of GDP PPP• The literacy rate in Japan is 99%• A broad knowledge of technology
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Perception of the population to the hazard
• The have a neutral attitude towards the hazard
• Do their best to develop new methods to try prevent maximum effects of the earthquake.
• “Always get back up”
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Probability of the hazard in the region
Source:http://montessorimuddle.org/2011/03/11/plate-tectonics-and-the-earthquake-in-japan/
Source: http://msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/rc/rocks/5/rcr5_1a.html
Source:http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/Maps/map_plate_tectonics_world.html
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Occurrence of the hazard in the past
• Over 60 earthquakes(of a higher magnitude than 7 on the Richter scale) since November 29, 684(Gregorian Calender)
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What has the community and government done in the past to reduce the risk and
damage of a potential disaster
• Improving the infrastructure(shock absorbing buildings)• Educating the population what to do if the hazard occurs
• http://live-in-japan.com/docs/jisin19f.pdf• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering
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Spatial extent of the disaster
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Magnitude,Duration
• Magnitude: 9 on the Richter Scale
• Duration: 6 Minutes
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Causes of the disaster
• Japan sits under three plates.• Which makes it vulnerable to receiving
earthquakes
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Impacts of the disaster• Destruction of few buildings• Destruction of the nuclear power plant,
leading to long-term hazards.• 380,000 homes were destroyed• Radioactive leakage• Only one hospital functioning in a whole
region of Sekunami.• Tsunami
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Responses to the disaster• 128 countries and 33 international organizations had
offered assistance to JapanRed cross (international):• Distributed 132thousand blankets• 183 thousand pieces of clothes• Thousands of emergency relief + sleeping kits• Elderly patients were seen as a priority as they mostly
live alone• Government/Private aid campaigns have been organized
to offer money/support
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National response
• Thousands of temporary houses built by government to ease pressure on evacuating centres
• Water tanks placed for sanitary use• Accept foreign aid from other countries(Eg. US
military)
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Global Medic
• Worked in cooperation with Hope international development agency (local)
• 400 thousands people in evacuation centres that are currently homeless
• Water purification systems in remote communities
• Transport networks for material aid (e.g. food, sanitary materials.)
• Inflatable hospitals
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The Future
• Seismic technology• Risk communication (available to the public
use)• Debate about having nuclear power plants in
Japan• Continue as they were proceeding before