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Tools of Geography Five Themes
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Essential Questions
• Why is it important to understand physical geography?
• How and why is geographic information organized?
• How do humans interact with the natural world around them? What is the outcome of their interactions?
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Geography is the study of people and their environment and resources
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I. LOCATIONa. the position of a place on the Earth’s surface
b. relative location: describing a place in relation to another place
c. absolute location: requires the use of lines of longitude and latitude to find the exact location
d. latitude: measures distance north and south of the equator
e. longitude: measures distance east and west of the Prime Meridian
f. Prime Meridian: divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western hemispheres
(What is the relative and absolute location of Redwood High school?)
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II. PLACEa. physical
characteristics: landforms, climate, soil, and animal life
b. human characteristics: activities, rituals, transportation, religion, language, food, etc.
c. every place in the world has it’s own physical and human characteristics
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III. MOVEMENTa. migration: the movement of large numbers of people for
economic, political, &/or educational purposes (i.e. political freedom, opportunity, food, shelter, etc.)
• forced migration: slavery
b. trade: the movement of goods between areas• different areas have different resources and levels of
economic development• exports: goods sent outside of the country (What do we
export?)• imports: goods brought into the country (What do we import?)
c. ideas spread: film, music, culture,
d. interdependence: dependence on countries for goods, resources, and knowledge (What of we did not have oil?)
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IV. Interaction between people and their environment
a. wherever people live, they change the natural environment
b. hidden costs: pollution-air, water, land (+ & - of cars, pesticides, nuclear weapons, and power plants)
c. sometimes people are able to adapt to environment without high impact (i.e. Alaska, Guatemala, Ecuador)
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V. REGION
a. an area with it’s own unifying characteristics
b. physical characteristics: landforms and climate
c. cultural characteristics: systems of government, religion, and economics