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Topic 3: Variation &
Reproduction
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In this lesson you will
❑describe examples of variation between organisms
❑explain that your traits are decided by your DNA
❑explain how variation helps organisms survive
❑explain that traits are given to children by their parents through reproduction
❑compare the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction
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What is a species?
• A species is a group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce with each other.• Examples: Humans, giraffes
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There are many different species of cats
Different species cannot reproduce with each other
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Domesticated dogs are all members of the same species
These dogs could reproduce with each other.
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Variation• The differences between members of a species.
• Examples:
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Trait• Something about you that makes you different.
• Examples: eye color trait
Traits Variations
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Variation in our Classroom
Species Traits Variations
Humans
Trait 1: Singing
Trait 2: Tongue-rolling
Trait 3: Thumbs-up
Trait 4: Earlobe shape
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Variations in Kidney Beans• What variations can you find in kidney beans?
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Variations in Sunflowers
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Variations in Southern Coquina Clams
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Where does variation come from?You have traits in common with your parents and siblings, but there are also variations among all of you.
These variations happen because DNA is mixed when species reproduce.
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Balto
Bruno
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DNADNA is a material in the nucleus of your cells that controls how you look. You get ½ your DNA from mom and ½ from dad.
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Sexual Reproduction
DNA from 2 parents is mixed to make a baby. The mixing of DNA makes variations in the baby.
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Sexual ReproductionExamples of species that do sexual reproduction
Trying to attract a wife in the wild be like… https://youtu.be/iTmHtxJpEWE
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Why is variation important?
Balto
Bruno
If the only food source was on the other side of the fence, which dog would get the food?
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Variation helps organisms survive
• Octopus camouflage
• Peppered Moth
Variation is important within a species because it helps them survive as a species.
For example, light-colored moths may be more easily seen by predators than dark colored moths. The light-colored moths will be killed and eaten, but the dark colored moths will survive. If all the moths were light-colored then they may all have been eaten. The species can survive better if there is variation among its members.
Do you know the story of the peppered moth?
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Variation helps organisms survive
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Sexual Reproduction
☺ Advantages of sexual reproduction Disadvantages of sexual reproduction
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Asexual Reproduction
Only 1 parent is needed to make a baby. The baby is identical to the parent because no DNA is mixed.
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Asexual ReproductionExamples of animals that can do asexual reproduction
Bacteria are not animals, but they do asexual reproduction
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Asexual Reproduction
☺ Advantages of asexual reproduction Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
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TraitsHeritable Traits: Traits you get from your parents through DNA.
Non-Heritable Traits: Traits you must learn or are not born with.
Examples of Heritable Traits Examples of Non-Heritable Traits