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Total Economics of Sustainable Land Management
Jonathan DaviesGlobal Drylands Programme
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The Silent Menace• Twelve million hectares of land where 20
million tons of grain could have been grown disappear every year due to pressure from human activities (UNCCD, 2011).
• Rising land value leading to speculation and accumulation of land.
• Following the 2008 food crisis between 15 and 20 million hectares of farmland in developing countries had changed hands.
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• 50 million people may be displaced within the next 10 years as a result of desertification.
• Land degradation and drought generate global losses of at least 42 billion US dollars per year.
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Economic valuation as a decision-making tool
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What is the real cost of land degradation?
Lower food production
Drought
Water deficitReduced
water qualityLoss of biodiversity
Flood
Conflict
Climate Change
Health problems
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What scale matters?
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E-SLM: rain-fed agroforestryin Sudan
• Direct values: Improved soil fertility, improved soil moisture, mulching
• Indirect values: reduced run-off, higher water tables, reduced dust storms
• Use “choice experiment” to examine willingness to pay for access to safe water
• Will people invest the effort in agroforestry?• What information do they need to understand
that it is worth while?
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Communal rangeland rehabilitation in Jordan
• Improvements in livestock productivity • Conservation of biodiversity: marketable and non-
marketable values • Improved water infiltration:– Restored hydrological cycle – Higher water table – Revival of riparian vegetation – Longer seasonal water flows– Reduced flash flooding– Lower siltation of dams
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Restoring communal forests in Mali
• Reduced travel for fuel wood• Non timber forest products with direct
marketing value• Biodiversity restoration • Improvements in hydrological cycles
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Modelling scenarios using remote sensing
• Develop land use / land cover maps• Identify river basins • Local level validation of maps• Model outcomes of land use change (change in
vegetation, change in water flows)• Choice experiment – what is the value for example of
better access to water? Of reduced risk exposure? Of improved water cycles?
• How representative are the sites? Is the analysis applicable to a larger scale?
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Goal: data at the right level to make the right decisions
• What looks best in a given location is not always best at the national scale
• Decide on land use objectives: best returns on investment; gross productivity; reduced risk etc.
• Gross productivity is not only food – you have to consider everything of importance – if you don’t valuate it, you are likely to lose it