Download - Tourism & Hospitality in 21st Century
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TOURISM :
Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people todestination outside the places where they normally live and work andtheir activities during the stay at each destination. It includesmovements for all purposes.
OR
The sum phenomena and relationships arising from travel and stayof non resident, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residenceand not connected with any earning activity .
Tourist are people who travel to and stay in places outside theirusual environment for not more then one consecutive year forleisure , business and other purpose not related to the exercise ofan activity remunerated from within the place visited.
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HISTORY:
Wealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of theworld, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages,experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Longago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae,
were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourism wasused by 1811 and touristby 1840.
Evidence of travel and tourism have been recorded as far backas biblical tines when Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehemduring cenus as the bible depicts ,Mary and Joseph wererefused accommodation because there was no room at theinns . Since the beginning of mankind, people have traveledfor commerce ,religion ,family, health, immiration,education etc.
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TOURISMIN 21STCENTURY
There has been an up market trend in the tourism over the last fewdecades, especially in Europe, where international travel for shortbreaks is common. Tourists have higher levels of disposable incomeand greater leisure time and they are also better-educated and havemore sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for a better quality
products, which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market forbeach vacations; people want more specialized versions, such as Club18-30, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels.
The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo
jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types oftourism more affordable. There have also been changes in lifestyle, such as
retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated byinternet
sales of tourism products. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic
packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package
requested by the customer upon impulse.
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NEW HIGHS OFTOURISMIN21ST CENTURY
Space Tourism
Space tourism is the recent phenomenon oftourists paying forflights into space. As of 2009, orbital space tourism opportunities
are limited and expensive, with only the Russian Space Agencyproviding transport. The price for a flight brokered by Space
Adventures to the International Space Station aboard a Soyuzspacecraft is US$2035 million.
Infrastructure for a suborbital space tourism industry is beingdeveloped through the construction ofspaceports in numerous
locations, including California, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Florida,Virginia,Alaska, Wisconsin, Esrange in Sweden as well as the
United Arab Emirates. Some use the term "personal spaceflight"as in the case of the Personal Spaceflight Federation.
A number ofstartup companies have sprung up in recent years,hoping to create a space tourism industry
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Halal TourismHalal tourism is a new product in the tourism industry. The industryprovides holiday destinations for Muslim families. The packages complywith the Sharia rules which the Muslim families abide by. The hotels indestinations do not serve alcohol and will have separate swimming pools
and spa facilities for men and women. Malaysia, Turkey and many morecountries are trying to attract Muslim tourists from all over the worldoffering facilities in accordance with the religious beliefs of Muslimtourists.The Halal tourism industry also provides flights where no alcohol or pork
products are served, prayer timings are announced, and religiousprograms are broadcast as part of entertainment offered on board.
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Dark tourism
One emerging area of special interest tourism has been identified byLennon and Foley (2000)as "dark" tourism. This type of tourism involvesvisits to "dark" sites, such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes or
acts ofgenocide, for example: concentration camps. Dark tourism posessevere ethical and moral dilemmas: should these sites be available forvisitation and, if so, what should the nature of the publicity involved be.
Dark tourism remains a small niche market, driven by varied motivations,such as mourning, remembrance, macabre curiosity or even
entertainment. Its early origins are rooted in fairgrounds and medievalfairs.
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Culinary Tourism
Culinary Tourism is defined as the pursuit of unique and memorableeating and drinking experiences, according to the International Culinary
Tourism Association. Culinary Tourism differs from agritourism in thatculinary tourism is considered a subset of cultural tourism ,whereasagritourism is considered a subset of rural tourism, according to CulinaryTourism. Culinary Tourism is not just experiences of the highest caliber -that would be gourmet tourism. This is perhaps best illustrated by thenotion that Culinary Tourism is about what is "unique and memorable, not
what is necessarily pretentious and exclusive". Similarly, wine tourism,beer tourism and spa tourism are also regarded as subsets of culinarytourismJudging by the surge since 2001 in the number of times "culinarytourism" has appeared as a subject matter or in a session title in tourismindustry conferences and programs, we can see that Culinary Tourism
is valued by tourism industry professionals as one of the most popularniches in the world's tourism industry. This makes sense, given recentconsumer focus on healthy and organic eating, culinary/food pedigrees.
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Ecotourism(also known as ecological tourism) is travel to fragile, pristine, andusually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It
helps educate the traveler; provides funds for conservation; directly benefits the
economic development and political empowerment of local communities; andfosters respect for different cultures and for human rights.
Ecotourism appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Generally
speaking, it focuses on volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to
live on the planet. It typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and
cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is a conceptual
experience, enriching those who delve into researching and understanding theenvironment around them. It gives us insight into our impacts as human beings
and also a greater appreciation of our own natural habitats.
ECO-TOURISM
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Meaning of Hospitality
The word hospitality derives from the Latin hospes, which is formed from hostis,which originally meant a 'stranger' . The meaning of "host" can be literally read as
"lord of strangers.Furthermore, the word hostire means equilize/compensate.hospitality is about compensating/equalizing a stranger to the host, making him feelprotected and taken care of, and at the end of his hosting, guiding him to his next
destination.
The hospitality service industry includes hotels, casinos, and resorts, which offercomfort and guidance to strangers, but only as part of a business relationship.The terms hospital, hospice, and hostel also derive from "hospitality," and theseinstitutions preserve more of the connotation of personal care.
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HISTORY
Evidence of hotels and the hospitality industry have been recorded as
far back as biblical times when Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehemduring the census. As the Bible depicts, Mary and Joseph were
refused accommodations because there "was no room at the inn.Boost that makes the hospitality industry as the biggest industry was theindustrial revolution and railways in the 18th And 19th century .The socialchanges that brought by the industrial revolution were significant . Largeportion of the population shifted from relocated from the countryside to thetowns and cities where manufacturing centers were found and theproportion of capital invested per worker grew. RAILWAYS introduced in1820 in England. This was the important development which make rapiddevelopment of hospitality industry in the world, BECAUSE the location ofhotel has always related to the transportation available. It helps in travelinglong distance in short period of time compare to ancient times where ittakes around weeks or months to travel a place.
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CHANGE INTECHNOLOGY& HOSPITALITY
Hotels use computerized reservation systems. Franchise hotels may use theFranchisor's reservation system. Many big hotels are using multiple sources forreservations and databanks to keep track of who made a reservation for when.Sizeable properties would need an incredible number of people to keep track ofreservations without today's computing power.
For the big hotels it would be impossible to operate without computerized guestaccounting and more and more smaller hotels find the convenience of computer
systems very helpful.
Computerized accounting systems have been around for a while, payroll nowadays evenin smaller hotels seldom done by hand. The bigger hotels which need to control heatand air-conditioning use computerized energy management systems.
Automated check out has become the norm for many hotels. Electronic key cards havereplaced the regular door keys in an attempt to provide better security for hotel guestsand their belongings.
Very few shops, bars, restaurants are operated without a point of sale terminal. Such toohas become very common and the actual investment often pays off within a relatively
short time due to better cost and inventory controls.
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NEW WAYSOFHOSPITALITY
Golf resortGolf resorts are resorts that cater specifically to the sport ofgolf,and include access to one or more golf course and or clubhouse.Golf resorts typically provide golf packages that provide visitors withall greens and cart fees, range balls, luxury accommodations and
meals.Accommodation in the resorts may take the form of hotel-like roomsor private spacious villas. Golf resorts are typically located in areaswith great natural scenery and they may also offer other nature-based activities such as backpacking, fishing as well as health spasand beauty clinics etc.
It is possible for golfers to purchase vacation packages for some ofthe finest golf resorts and golf courses all over the world.Destinations include golf resorts in states like Florida, Arizona,Hawaii, and California, cities like Las Vegas, Pinehurst, and MyrtleBeach, and renowned international golf travel destinations likeIreland and Scotland, where the game was born. Most countries in
the world now host golf resorts of one type or another.
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Eco hotel
Eco hotel is a term used to describe a hotel or accommodation that hasmade important environmental improvements to its structure in order tominimize its impact on the environment. The basic definition of a green
hotel is an environmentally-responsible lodging that follows the practicesofgreen living. These hotels have to be certified green by an independent
third-party or by the state they are located in. Traditionally, these hotelswere mostly presented as Eco Lodges because of their location, often in
jungles, and their design inspired by the use of traditional buildingmethods applied by skilled local craftsmen in areas, such as Costa Rica
and Indonesia.
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Conversion( barn)The Conversion of Barns involves theconversion of old farming barns to commercial orresidential use structures. Many older farmbuildings are being converted for holiday use. Thisis partly due to modern farming practices making
many of the older type buildings redundant.
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The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known asbalneotherapy. Spa towns orspa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typicallyoffer thermal ormineral waterfor drinking and bathing. They also offer varioushealth treatments. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes backto prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular world-wide, but areespecially wide-spread in Europe and Japan. Day spas are also quite popular,and offer various personal care treatments
SPA
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Some Unusual hotels
Tree house hotels
Some hotels are built with living trees as structural elements, for example theCosta Rica Tree House in the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica;the Treetops Hotel in Aberdare National Park, Kenya; the Ariau Towers nearManaus, Brazil, on the Rio Negro in theAmazon; and Bayram's Tree Houses inOlympos, Turkey.
Capsule hotels
Capsule hotels are a type of economical hotel thatare found in Japan, where people sleep in stacks of
rectangular containers
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LARGEST , OLDEST &TALLESTHOTELS
Largest
In 2006, Guinness World Records listed the First World Hotel in Genting Highlands,Malaysia as the world's largest hotel with a total of 6,118 rooms.
Oldest
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the oldest hotel still in operation isthe Hoshi Ryokan, in the Awazu Onsen area ofKomatsu, Japan which opened in 717.
Tallest
Burj Al Arab in United Arab Emirates is the tallest building used exclusively as a hotel.However, the Rose Tower, also in Dubai, which has already topped Burj Al Arab'sheight at 333 m (1,090 ft), will take away this title upon its opening.
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FUTURE OF TOURISM& HOSPITALITYINDIAIN
Tourism industry in India is being utilized as a powerful tool to facilitate internationalunderstanding and enable building of broader cultural horizons. According to the Travel
& Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 brought out by World Economic Forum, India
is ranked 11th in the Asia-Pacific region and 62nd overall in a list of 133 assessed
countries in 2008, up three places since 2007. In terms of travel, India stands 9th in the
index of relative cost of access to international air transport services, having almost the
lowest costs in the world. The contribution of travel and tourism to gross domestic
product (GDP) is expected to be at 6.0 per cent (US$ 67.3 billion) in 2009 rising to US$
187.3 billion by 2019.The future of the Indian hospitality and tourism industry
seems to be positive due to increased flow of business and leisure travelers.
Indian is hosting forthcoming commonwealth games in 2010 and co hosting of
cricket world cup in 2011. India has unparallel potential for the growth anddevelopment of the tourism industry .Endowed with rich historic heritage
,cultural diversity and geographical advantage ,it could develop as a leading
tourism industry. Foreign tourist have special attraction in India for centuries
and India hospitality is a legend by itself .a part from ancient culture and
civilization ,the diverse natural beauty of can hardly be seen else where in theworld