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9/26/09Technical Workshop
NRC IS meeting 23 Feb 2010
SoER makes SENSE
Antonio De Marinis
European Environment Agencyeea.europa.eu
towards a Shared European and National State of the Environment
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SOER website
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Content provision
SENSE
IScenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
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Manual upload via Plone
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SENSE: Automatic content sharing
Why SENSE?
To automatically • fetch, • synchronize, • publish • share
national SOER information and data across Europe and even the entire web
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How?
What data format?
RDF/XML
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Why RDF/XML?
• widely accepted open standard
• from
• Used for Linked Data and the wider
• Semantic Web initiatives around the world
“The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries”
(World Wide Web Consortium - W3C, 2009)
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What is RDF/XML?
• RDF stands for systems as web pages (HTML) stands for humans
• RDF is a standard framework to describe structured data
• With RDF it is possible to share and link raw data across the web
• It enable to browse and query the data, no matter where it is
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• Simple and powerful data model
• XML base syntax (RDF is XML)
• Supports XML schema data types
• Express statements about any resource
• Provides formal semantics and provable inference
• Therefore it supports logic programming and reasoning
•
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Semantic web “layercake” diagram
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What is Linked Data?
“a term used to describe a recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information, and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF."
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LinkedData
EnvDataEEA-Eionet(reportnet)
EnvDataCountry
SENSE
EnvDataEurostat
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Our long term vision –
create the web of environmental data
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RDF Basic concepts
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RDF Model
Subject ObjectPredicate
(property)
sentence: Mr. De Marinis likes Italian wine
“Mr. De Marinis”
“Italian wine”
“likes”
(property)
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RDF/XML representation1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
3. xmlns=”http://wine.com/”>
4. <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.eea.europa.eu/staff/MrDeMarinis">
5. <likes>Italian wine</likes>
6. </rdf:Description>
7. </rdf:RDF>
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RDF applied to SoER C- SENSE -
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SoER C: Class diagram
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RDF model exampleSoER sentence: “Water bodies located in Norway are in a
good environmental condition.”
“Water bodies” “Norway”
location
Translates into the following RDF graph:
“good”condition
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RDF/XML representation1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
3. xmlns="http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/1.0# ">
4. <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.environment.no/water-bodies">
5. <location>Norway</location>
6. <condition>good</condition>
7. </rdf:Description>
8. </rdf:RDF>
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National Story RDF example
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Triples of the data model
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Several National Stories
Sequentially add all national stories in same RDF feed:• <rdf:RDF xml:lang="en" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-
syntax-ns#" xmlns="http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/1.0#">
• <NationalStory rdf:about="...">
• ...
• </NationalStory>
• <NationalStory rdf:about="...">
• ...
• </NationalStory>
• </rdf:RDF>
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SENSE RDF with figures and data
1
2
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Figures and data, alternative RDF representation
1
2
1. <Figure rdf:about="http://www.environment.no/vannkvalitet_07.gif">
2. …
3. <dataSource rdf:resource="http://www.environment.no/Maps-and-data/Data/?spraak=EN&dsID=AKUTT"/>
4. </Figure>
5. <DataFile rdf:about="http://www.environment.no/Maps-and-data/Data/?spraak=EN&dsID=AKUTT">
6. <fileName>AKUTT</fileName>
7. <dataURL>http://www.environment.no/Maps-and-data/Data/AKUTT/data.xls</dataURL>
8. <mediaType>application/excel</mediaType>
9. </DataFile>
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Geographical coverage and logic deduction
1
2
biogeographical regions like Alpine region or Baltic sea.
• <NationalStory rdf:about="http://www.environment.it/alpine-water-bodies">• <question>What are the state and impacts?</question>• <topic>freshwater</topic>• <keyMessage>Global climate change poses a grave threat to the alpine• hydrological system, altering precipitation, snow-cover patterns and• glaciers, with further effects downstream.</keyMessage>• <pubDate>2009-05-15</pubDate>• <geoCoverage• rdf:resource="http://rdfdata.eionet.europa.eu/article17/bioregions/ALP "
/> • </NationalStory>
Why not Italy, France, Austria etc ?The other geographical coverage can be inferred automatically, deduced by semantic
(logic) rules. We have “linked” the bioregions to country regions.
The same can be done for NUTS code.
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Geographical coverage
1
2
<geoCoveragerdf:resource="http://rdfdata.eionet.europa.eu/article17/bioregions/ALP " />
Countries:• spatial country coverage in Reportnet
For trans-boundary assessments:• biogeographical regions like Alpine region or Baltic sea. • International river basin districts• or sub-national regions like NUTS regions
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Deduction on topic
1
2
<NationalStory rdf:about="http://www.environment.it/alpine-water-bodies">…<topic>freshwater</topic>
…</NationalStory>
Deduction by Gemet Thesaurus (now in RDF), we get more topics:
• “surface water” (BT)• “flowing water” (NT)• “ice” (NT)• “river water (NT)”
We gain much more knowledge and power by linking data and applying reasoning.
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Conclusions
• The SENSE principles: shared SOER information
• How? via semantic web technology
• The potential of Linked Data and RDF
• RDF applied on SOER part C
• Inspiration for future development of the web of environmental data!
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Further reading and references• SENSE project intro:
http://svn.eionet.europa.eu/projects/Zope/wiki/SENSE
• SENSE XML/RDF Specification: http://svn.eionet.europa.eu/projects/Zope/wiki/SOERFeedSpec
• The next Web of open, linked data: Tim Berners-Lee on TED http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html
• Linked Data http://linkeddata.org/
• Linked Data Tutorial http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/
• RDF Primer http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
• Semantic web http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
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Let's make SENSE!