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Towards an Ontology for Describing Emotions
1st World Summit of the Knowledge SocietyWSKS’08
Juan Miguel López1, Rosa Gil1, Roberto García1, Idoia Cearreta2, Nestor Garay2
1 Universitat de Lleida, Spain2 University of the Basque Country, Spain
September 25, 2008Athens, Greece
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Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Describing Emotion
• Ontologies for Emotion
• Conclusions
• Future Work
• Conceptual Model
• Emotions Ontology
• Use Case
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Introduction
• Human beings are eminently emotional• Affective computing: detect and response to
user's emotions• Great variety of theoretical models of
emotions• Emotions are not universal (cultural, language
and individual particularities) Context influence
• Focus (reduce complexity):– Emergent Emotion: states where the person’s whole
system is caught up in the way they react to a particular person or situation
– Just emotion detection and expression systems, not internals of emotion processing in humans
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Introduction
• Objectives:– Generic approach to define context-aware
emergent emotions taking different theoretical models into account
– Guide for flexible design of multimodal affective applications with independence of the starting model and the final way of implementation
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Describing Emotion
• Most common cognitive models of emotions:– Categorical (Ekman, 1984)– Dimensional (Lang, 1979) – Appraisal (Scherer, 1999)
• Emotion expression systems: – Verbal– Behavioural (e.g. facial or postural)– Psycho-physiological (e.g heart rate)
• Emotional processing levels: – Emotional context
(location, time, activity, devices and person)– Emotion itself– Associated multimodal behaviours
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Ontologies for Emotion
• Semantic lexicon in the field of feelings and emotions (Mathieu, 2005)
• Emotional annotation with WordNetAffect (Strapparava and Valittutti, 2004)
• Ontology of affective states for context aware applications (Benta et al., 2007)
• User context model (Cearreta et al., 2007)
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Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Describing Emotion
• Ontologies for Emotion
• Conclusions
• Future Work
• Conceptual Model
• Emotions Ontology
• Use Case
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Conceptual Model
• Independent from psychological theories– No interpretation of emotions– No emotion triggering mechanism model
• Multimodality:– Incorporates Lang’s three expression systems– Input through senses (humans) and sensors
(computers)
• Model context: individual, social and environmental
• Focus on Emergent Emotion, base of human affectiveness
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Conceptual Model
Sensor Sensation
Perception
Description
Stimulus SituationhasPart
triggers
hasInput
hasOutput
describes
Emergent Emotion
Emotion Expression System
hasOutput
hasInput
hasInput
hasOutput
Memorystores
uses
Interface
“physical world” “mental world”
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Emotions Ontology
• Formalisation of the conceptual model• Flexible and extensible
(accommodate different theories)• Web-wide sharable:
Web Ontology Language (OWL)• Enrich by reusing upper ontologies• DOLCE, Descriptive Ontology for
Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering (Gangemi et al., 2002)– Context representation: Description & Situation– Other generic concepts
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Emotions Ontology
dul:Action
Behavioural
Psychophysiological
Hearing
dul:Event
EmergentEmotion
Stimulus
dul:Process
dul:PhysicalObject
dul:PhysicalAgent
Sensor
dul:PhysicalBody
dul:PhysicalArtifact
Touch
SocialContext dul:Situation
BiologicalSensor Sense
Verbal
DiscreteStimulus
dul:Description ofntb:Frame
Taste
Gestural
Sight
Smell
Sensation
ArtificialSensor
EmotionExpressionSystem
Perception
PersonalContextInterface
Speech
Facial
EnvironmentalContext
ContinuousStimulus
Memory
dul:BiologicalObject
dul:SocialObject
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Emotions Ontology
• DOLCE provides generic terms for modelling context
• Enormous range of situations that might be associated with emotions
• FrameNet: formalisation of a enormous linguistic base, based on Frames:
Lexical Unit Frame LU StatusLexical EntryReport
AnnotationReport
score.n Cardinal_numbers Created LE
score.nBehind_the_scenes
Finished_Initial LE Anno
score.v Getting Created
score.v Damaging Created LE
scores.n Quantity Finished_Initial LE Anno
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Emotions OntologyScenario
"Torres scored a winning goal in the last minute"
Description
score - Recipient "Torres"- Result "winning"- Theme "goal"- Time "in the last minute"
describes
triggers
Emergent Emotion
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Use Case
• Emotion-aware Tangible User Interface• Interface:
– Sensors: microphone, camera and buttons– Expression: display and speaker
• Situations Descriptions: – “playing a song”– “displaying a picture”
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Use Case
• Emergent Emotion: sadness, happiness, anger, calm, worry, relaxed, boredom and surprise
• Training: recognize user emotional response to some situations
• Then, make user experience more pleasant– If detected sadness
play songs and/or display images associated to a happy user response
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Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Describing Emotion
• Ontologies for Emotion
• Conclusions
• Future Work
• Conceptual Model
• Emotions Ontology
• Use Case
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Conclusions
• Generic model for describing emotions and their detection and expression systems taking contextual and multimodal elements into account– Cognitive interpretation of emotions– Independence from emotion theories
• Formalised as a Web Ontology• Reuse DOLCE and FrameNet
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Future Work
• Extending the ontology beyond emergent emotion– Affective states and emotions in social
networks
• Extend emotion-aware application based on Tangible User Interfaces
• Make computers more accessible, personalised and adapted to user needs