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Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Terminology and Education
The IUPAC Subcommittee on Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Chair and Presenter: John Duffus
Division VII - Chemistry and Human HealthDivision VII - Chemistry and Human Health
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IUPAC glossary and textbook
1989 - IUPAC Commission on Toxicologyand Committee on the Teaching ofChemistry starts glossary of terms intoxicology, completed and published in1993
1993 - textbook “Fundamental Toxicologyfor Chemists” to support accompanyingcurriculum; 2nd edition in preparation2004
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IUPAC toxicology modules
http://www.iupac.org/publications/cd/essential_toxicology/
Microsoft Powerpoint format for flexibility inuse
Main objective to provide material fromwhich teachers and lecturers could selectwhat they wanted in accordance with theneeds of their own students,supplementing it with examples relevant tothe students’ own experience
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IUPAC toxicology modules
Modules must be amenable to selfstudy since the teachers / lecturerswould often have to teach themselves
Accordingly, we included selfassessment questions and suggestedessay titles together with separateguidance as to answers.
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Educational objectives
To provide educators with a presentationand text on essential toxicology fromwhich they could select materialappropriate for local requirements.
To explain fundamental ideas intoxicology clearly so that students couldunderstand the hazards and risksassociated with the use of chemicals.
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Unit 1 - general considerations
Aims:
1. To point out the relationshipbetween dose and effect - thresholdand nonthreshold effects
2. To point out that natural substancesmay be highly poisonous andmanmade substances may be of lowtoxicity
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Unit 2 - factors affecting risk ofpoisoningAims:
1. To explain how substances movethrough our environment
2. To explain how effective exposuredepends on the physiological route ofexposure
3. To explain how toxic effects dependupon how the body reacts with chemicals(toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, localand systemic effects)
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Other units
Unit 3 - environmental toxicology
Unit 4 - hazard and risk
Unit 5 - management of potentiallytoxic substances
Unit 6 - risk assessment and riskmanagement
Unit 7 - common types of chemical thatcause health risks (DDT case study)
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Methods of presentation
The PowerPoint programme permitshandouts to be printed, and overheadviewfoils to be prepared
In the absence of an overheadprojector, individual slides can beprinted out on A4 paper and used as ameans of presenting the materialselected by the teacher
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Current activities
IUPAC has added a glossary of terms intoxicokinetics
Seehttp://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/pdf/7605x1033.pdf
The original glossary of terms intoxicology is now being revised
A further explanatory dictionary is beingprepared considering at length some ofthe most important fundamental concepts
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Related publications - 1
Related publications available through theIUPAC site include:
workplace risk assessment
http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/7306/7306x0993.html
heavy metal - an unacceptable term
http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/7405/7405x0793.html
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Related publications - 2risk and hazard terminology
http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2001/march/risk_assessment.html
the measurement of volatile organiccompounds
http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7203/7203heinrich-ramm.html
chemical speciationhttp://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7208/7208templeton.html
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Related publications - 3
mechanisms of immunosensitization to
metals (IUPAC Technical Report)http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/7606/7606x1255.html
diagnostic relevance of the lymphocyte
transformation test for sensitization to
beryllium and other metals (IUPAC
Technical Report)http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/7606/7606x1269.html
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Acknowledgments 1
I am deeply indebted to my colleagueson the former IUPAC Commission forToxicology, the current Subcommitteeon Toxicology and Risk Assessment,and the IUPAC Chemistry and HumanHealth Division Committee for theircontributions to the work describedand for continuing constructive support
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Acknowledgments 2
The former IUPAC Committee on theTeaching of Chemistry, and especiallyits Chair, Professor John Bradley, andProfessor Bob Bucat, played a majorpart in the development of the“Essential Toxicology” presentations