Xiaolin Zhang National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences
2013.09.24
Transforming the Repository, the Collections, and the Library
into A Users’ Open Innovation Lab
Transforming into a Users’ OpenInno Lab
• 1. 3O Convergence: Transformed world? • 2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm shift? • 3. From Collection Library to Creation Library
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
• Chinese Academy of Sciences
A “National Team” representing the basic and strategic S&T research in China
A “Super University” training next-generation scientists, engineers and
innovators
A “Pioneer” in the reform of China’s R&D
system
A “Think Tank” advising the Government on
major S&T issues
An “Engine” driving China to become an innovative
society
CAS
103 research institutes in 30+ cities 50,000+ researchers 50,000+ graduate students (about half doctoral students)
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
• ETD at Chinese Academy of Sciences – All theses and dissertations are in digital formats
• Metadata searchable openly • First 16 pages accessible within CAS • Full text retrievable within the Institute • ILL through NSL
– Current ones are digitally & centrally managed through UCAS’ ARP
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
• 3O: Open Access, Open Computable Knowledge, Open Innovation • (1) Open access to papers & data
– OA journals: 9929, DOAJ, 2013.09 – OA repositories: 3483, ROAR, 2013.09 – OA papers: 50 million, BASE, 2013.08 – OA share of academic papers:
• 2013 Gold OA: 14.4%--18.8%, David Lewis, 2013 • For 2004-2011 by 2013: 45-50%, Science Metrix, 2013.08
– Time to reach 90% OA • 2019 to 2025, Science Metrix, 2013.08
• Funders’ push for OA: point of no return
US OSTP Directive for Open Access
Horizon 2020 Science Europe
JST DFG
• (1) Open access to papers & data • Open data is becoming the norm of R &Gov
G8 Open Data Charter 18 June 2013
US Executive Order for Open Data
EC Communication for Open Data
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
• (2) Openly computable knowledge • Born open and digital is born different
– The rise of libre open access • Peter Suber, SPARC OA Newsletter, June 2, 2012
– PLoS and SPARC “How open is it” • Reusable & machine-readable
– Open Content Mining Declaration • OKF WG-OA, June 1, 2012
Demand CC_BY Licenses by funders RCUK, EU Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust……
Open for computation: A Liberating Force for both information and research
http://old.cni.org/staff/cliffpubs/opencomputation.htm
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
• (2) Openly computable knowledge • Smart content is already with us!
Schema.org
Semantic publishing Open data openly computable
LOD Cloud. Cyganiak & Jentzsch
Actionability of Content •STM Publishing Industry: •2012 Technology Trend Watch,
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
• (3) Open innovation is everyone’s weapon • Open Innovation • Uncertainties & complexities of
• Needs, behaviors, and markets • Multiplicity and availability of
• Knowledge, talents, and resources • Ease of collaboration & marketability of innovation • Open Science • GenBank, Foldit, Galaxy Zoo, eBird, Wiki, … • Amplifying collective intelligence
• Long-tail talents, Latent micro-expertise, Ingenuity Gap, Designed serendipity, ……
• Successful Factors • Scale up collaboration, cognitive diversity,
modularize the collaboration, • Shared body of knowledge and techniques • Capability to re-use, modify, build upon ……
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
• (3) Open innovation is everyone’s weapon • Open Service Innovation • Provide innovation resources, tools, & opportunities
• Not just static, non-workable “final” products • Making oneself an innovation platform
• Support user-driven innovation & development • Knowledge as the innovation tools right into the
hands of the users and the user processes
1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities
Transforming into a Users’ OpenInno Lab
• 1. 3O Convergence: A Transformed world? • 2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift? • 3. From Collection Library to Creation Library
• (2) Revisit the ways of information consumption • Who, is doing what, and how
Personal Passive Reading
Analytic & Associative exploration
Interactive & Collaborative Reuse & Recreation
Interactive Data Visualization for Rapid Understanding of Scientific Literature Cody Dunne
STM Annual Spring Conference April 26-28, 2011
2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?
2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?
• (3) Re-locate the hot spots of information services • What, where, and by whom
Library
Information Provision
Knowledge application
R & D & L Processes
Librarians Info specialists
Knowledge users & creators
Of users, for users, and by users
To user, for users and passive users
• (4) Re-define the ways to support R&I • 授人以鱼,不如授人以渔 • Teach a man how to fish is better than just give him a fish
Dynamic Complexities of user needs and
behaviors
Infinite possibilities of applications & innovation
Actionable Knowledge
Customizable K-Tools
Support Communities Networked
availability of talents and intelligence
2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?
• (5) Re-define the roles of a knowledge organization • Is Your Library a Grocery Store or a Kitchen?
• http://www.nwaea.k12.ia.us/index.cfm/19665/947/uliyour_library_a_grocery_store_or_a_kitchen
• From collection libraries to creation libraries • ALA Confronting the Future, 2011
3O convergence
User Solutions Knowledge-driven
innovation capability
Library’s effectiveness in supporting R&D&L
Data & Library
2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?
• (7) It is an effective way to innovate services The Digital Agenda Scoreboard: interactively create graphs to view the data you are interested in, with respect to the targets set out in the Digital Agenda
http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/graphs
2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?
The Country Profiles: country indicators which range from population and living conditions, labour, health and safety, education, economy and finance, business, environment, energy, etc. http://open-data.europa.eu/en/apps#app6
StatPlanet World Bank apps:http://www.statsilk.com/downloads data: http://data.worldbank.org/
Smart Cities and the Future Internet: Towards Cooperation Frameworks for Open Innovation. Hans Schaffers, et. al, 2013
Transforming into a Users’ OpenInno Lab
• 1. 3O Convergence: A Transformed world? • 2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm shift? • 3. From Collection Library to Creation Library
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries
• (1) Innovation in an Open Knowledge context • KaaS = Knowledge as a Service
• New tools, new services, and new knowledge
• User needs, workflows, and context • • Data intensive innovation • (data extraction, integration, analysis, re-create, …) • • open & computable knowledge/tools
• knowledge infrastructure & innovation services
• A Changed Game!
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries
http://labs.bl.uk/
British Library Labs and competition. Mahendra Mahey, 21 May, 2013
People from BL Advisory Board Digital Scholarship
Team Access/Reuse working
group Library Curators Labs People
Resources from BL BNB Data UK Web Archive
Data 19th Century
Digitised Books International
Dunhuang Project
Environment and Nature Sounds
Book ordering data Resonance FM
Activities at the Lab Labs Competitions Labs Services Labs Hackdays Disseminating findings Content to be used with
Labs
Research tools Corpus Analysis tools Visualisations Topic Models Location based searching Geotagging Annotation APIs for datasets e.g. Metadata, Images Crowdsourcing / Human Computation Natural Language Processing Transcribing
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries
http://www.openinnovation.cn Open data at NSL NSL catalogues Union Catalogue CAS ETD metadata CSCD citation data CAS IR metadata OpenKOS ……
Open tools 500+ Extracting &
text mining Analysing Formatting Mashing-up Transforming Visualizing GISing…… Services Reference Data seminars Tool seminars Group meetings Show-off time Applications Labs
People at NSL Data specialists Tool specialists Policy consultants Site helpers Subject advisors
Open data at third parties 1600+ Research data Social & economic
open data Open archives Library data ……
Crowd-sourced Indexing,
Classification, & annotation,
Open linking with other types of information
Text-mining visualization of the knowledge
pool
Adding apps for non-textual materials
Developing impact analysis metrics, workflows, tools
Dynamically embedding IR
content into R&L processes
……… ………
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries
• (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • Make library data open data
– Develop lib data into open data • Open data policies
– Require reuse rights from publishers • Open access with CC_BY • Demand reuse licenses
http://openbiblio.net/principles/
http://blog.okfn.org/2012/06/01/the-right-to-read-is-the-right-to-mine/
Rights for open reuse Heather Piwowar vs. Elsevier http://www.arl.org/sparc/media/pushing-frontier-access-for-text-mining-Piwowar-interview.shtml, May 2012 Open Content Mining Declaration Draft, OKF WG-OA, June 1, 2012 Unrestricted right of subscribers to extract, process and republish content manually or by machine in whatever form without prior specific permissions and subject only to community norms of responsible behaviors.
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries
• (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • How to make data open
– Guidelines for Open Data Policies, Sunlight Foundation, V2, August 2013
• 1. Mandate open formats for government data • 2. Require public information to be posted online • 3. Remove restrictions for accessing information • 4. Remove restrictions on reuse of information • 5. Require publishing metadata or other documentation • 6. Mandate the use of unique identifiers • 7. Require digitization and distribution of archival materials • 8. Create a portal or website devoted to data publication or policy • 9. Publish bulk data • 10. Create public APIs for accessing information • 11. Mandate electronic filing • 12. Mandate ongoing data publication and updates • 13. Create permanent, lasting access to data • 14. Build on the values, goals, and mission of the community and government
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries
• (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • How to make data open while protecting legitimate interests
– UK Open Data White Paper, 2012
• 1. Protect privacy • 2. Protect copyright
– Respect the rights of the copyright holders – Follow the rights instructions of the third party providers
• 2. Protect legitimate concerns of competition and security – Open some layers or facets of data, or at different times for different data – E.g., CSCD simple citation data but not yet citation network data
• 3. Protect the effective functioning of the services – Limiting the quantity or frequency of access to data – Tracking the access, or Registering the access
• 4. Protect the public use – No commercial use?
• 5. Protect oneself – Data provided as it is, and no harmful use against law
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • How to require re-use rights from publishers
– Transformative use is fair use! – Publishers’ License: Text and Data Mining Licenses for Europe, Carlo
Scollo Lavizzari, legal counsel, STM, 29 May 2013 • clause 1 – use of Content (non commercial research)
– Content: access, download, extract, index Content; locally load & normalise Content for projects
– Output: include output in research papers; present Output within limits on open web
– Communication: communicate results for non-commercial objectives and without substituting publishers’ products or data sets.
• • clause 2 – prohibited use of content – Content: translate or modify original Content permit 3rd party harvesting
Content ; reproduce/retain systematically or redistribute content; extract or use commercially
– Derivatives, rights information, downloading: no derivatives that compete with publishers’ products/services;
– Other: tamper with rights information or meta data; systematic whole-sale downloading by robots, spiders;
• • clause 3 – security, rights, formats, mechanisms
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Position oneself as THE open k-infrastructure manager
Defining an open access resource strategy for research libraries: Part III—The Strategies and Practices of National Science Library. Xiaolin ZHANG, et al. CJLIS, 2012
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Knowing the data and data standards
Open Data Access Policies and Strategies in the European Research Area and Beyond August 2013 Science Metrix
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Knowing the tools
Numeric Data Visualisation Tools: In Open Data: projects, tools, initiatives. By Stuart Macdonald • Data360 - (http://www.data360.org) • Many Eyes - (http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/home) • Swivel - (http://www.swivel.com/) • Gapminder – (http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/applications/) • StatCrunch – (http://www.statcrunch.com/) • Graphwise – (http://www.graphwise.com/)
• Numbrary – (http://numbrary.com/)
• Infochimps – (http://infochimps.org/home)
• Dabble – (http://dabbledb.com/) • CKAN (incl. Open Economics) – (http://www.ckan.net/)
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Knowing the research process and its info/knowledge needs
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (4) Re-model the services • Support user-driven data intensive R&D&L&I
• Zhang, X. The trends disrupting • digital libraries. Journal of • Chinese Library Society, 2011
Digital Library
Resources S/R/R
Users
Open knowledge Innovation Services
Open Computable Knowledge
R&D Problems
R&D processes
Do they need this? YES! Do they have the open computable knowledge? YES SOON! Can libraries do this? NO if by traditional ways! Exactly a paradigm shift needed!
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (4) Re-model the services • Libraries as an open innovation lab
KaaS
Open info resources
Open reuse policies
Information Commons
OpenInno Support engines
OpenK Re-organizers
R&I Commons
Lib as Lab
Open K Commons
Open access policies
OpenK production
engines
Tools Commons
Innovation communities
OpenK Labs
Internet
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (4) Re-model the services • Challenges:
– Prisoners of mostly commercial textual collections – Not familiar with data, tools, and research & learning – Not trusted by users into their R&D processes – ……
• But bigger challenges: – The Empire Strikes Back – http://scitechsociety.blogspot.sg/2013/08/the-empire-strikes-back.html#!/2013/08/the-
empire-strikes-back.html, Eric Van de Velde, 2013.08
– Direct-to-scholar provision by publishers – Research and learning services by publishers – Solution providers to R&L, not publishers any more – ……
3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (5) Redefine the Business • Think out of box
– Who are we? • Research & learning support specialists • Doctors & Lawyers are not confined with concrete resources
– What are our resources? • Open computable knowledge • Capabilities to make best use of that knowledge?
– How do we contribute to our users • Help them do their research or learning best
– What this means in a e-research & e-learning era? – What are our core competitiveness?
• Working with interaction of users & knowledge? – What this means in a data intensive innovation time?
– A paradigm shift, and a Leap of Faith? • And a uncertain future to be created by those got there first
•谢谢! • [email protected]
• http://ir.las.ac.cn
Transforming the Repository, the Collections, and the Library
into A Users’ Open Innovation Lab