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Transit Oriented Development :
Environmental Imperative, Business Opportunity
Robert T. Dunphy Transportation Consultant
Instructor, Georgetown University
World Bank Program – China Delegates
December 15, 2011
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Outline
TOD defined and challenges in USTOD defined and challenges in US Remaking the image of transitRemaking the image of transit Making the CaseMaking the Case Transportation vs developmentTransportation vs development Principles for TODPrinciples for TOD Successes and FailuresSuccesses and Failures
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Names? transit-oriented development transit-oriented development
(TOD)(TOD) transit villagetransit village Smart growthSmart growth
Not Not TADTAD
TODTOD
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What is TOD?
Most definitions include:Most definitions include:strong transit connection (designed to facilitate use of transit)strong transit connection (designed to facilitate use of transit)
moderate to high densitymoderate to high densitymixed usemixed use
pedestrian-orientedpedestrian-oriented
DevelopmeDevelopmentnt
TransitTransit
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US - Development Transit Disconnect
ThenThen
•Now
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Population Growth and Commute Share Major US Transit Cities ~ 2000 - 2009
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Transit share in U.S. High growth Cities
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What do we mean by transit?
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Or?
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Transit – Non User’s View
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Urban Transit: Often unattractive
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Remaking the Image of Transit Ride/ComfortRide/Comfort ShelterShelter ConnectionsConnections Speed/Speed/
ReliabilityReliability InformationInformation
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Reinvesting in Transit: Chicago
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New York
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Making the Case
Transit will work Transit will work herehere
Transit Oriented Transit Oriented Development Development will work herewill work here
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Why Do It?
Doing GoodDoing Good Supports TransitSupports Transit Better developmentBetter development Reduces sprawlReduces sprawl
Doing Well Doing Well Profitable, new Profitable, new
market market
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Global impacts
• Energy security, peak oilEnergy security, peak oil• Land consumptionLand consumption
• Climate changeClimate change
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Development Does Not Happen Just Because of the Transit
It Takes:It Takes: Planning Planning RegulationsRegulations Incentives Incentives
(possibly)(possibly)
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Transportation Perspective
Urban Development - GoodUrban Development - Good Builds transitBuilds transit Options to DrivingOptions to Driving Improves real estate valuesImproves real estate values
Conventional Suburban Development - Conventional Suburban Development - Bad Bad Excessive drivingExcessive driving Transit difficultTransit difficult Hard to walkHard to walk
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Development Perspective Urban MXD Hard Urban MXD Hard
Takes longerTakes longer More expensiveMore expensive Unproven Market, Hi Unproven Market, Hi
RiskRisk Conventional SuburbanConventional Suburban
Easy to do, cheapEasy to do, cheap Where the Growth isWhere the Growth is Few OpponentsFew Opponents
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The Transit Market
The Real Estate Market
Principles for Transit Oriented Development
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Make It Better with a Vision
Agreement on growth plans among Agreement on growth plans among citizens, developers, officialscitizens, developers, officials
Helps public and private Helps public and private investments to work togetherinvestments to work together
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Kendall, Miami
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Green Infrastructure – Regional vision
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Partner with Private Sector
Combine strengths to achieve better Combine strengths to achieve better projects:projects:
Transit agencies: land, transitTransit agencies: land, transit Local governments: planning, land Local governments: planning, land
assemblage, infrastructureassemblage, infrastructure Private developers: land ownership, real Private developers: land ownership, real
estate experience, financing – estate experience, financing – Keep them happy Keep them happy
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Mid-Pike Massing Diagram
Old Georgetown Road
Old Georgetown Road
H
oya
Hoya
Str
eet
Str
eet
MonMontrose
trose
Parkway
Parkway
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Think Development When Thinking Transit Transit to connect nodes Transit to connect nodes
of activityof activity Transit-supportive Transit-supportive
densities, mix of uses, densities, mix of uses, attractive placesattractive places
Cheap transit routes Cheap transit routes create poor development create poor development optionsoptions
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Downtown Plano, Texas
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Get the Parking Right
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Get the Parking Right
MoveMove
Share Share
Deck Deck
WrapWrap
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Make Buses a Great Idea
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Boston Silver Line
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Curitiba, Brazil
Extensive Extensive coveragecoverage
Fast serviceFast service AffordableAffordable
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Develop Affordable Housing
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Transforming the Nassau Hub“America’s First Suburb”
Levittown, New Levittown, New YorkYork
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• Leading commercial center• Major malls
•Offices•2 colleges
• residential •coliseumcoliseum
• Disconnected suburban pattern• Redesign - urban, connected
• redeveloping the coliseum Source: RPA, Neighborhood Network
Nassau Hub – an early suburban success
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The promise ''a vision for a new suburbia‘‘ Create a central axis for the Create a central axis for the
government, shopping, college and government, shopping, college and medical complex. medical complex.
High-paying jobs and expanded tax High-paying jobs and expanded tax base while preserving neighborhoodsbase while preserving neighborhoods
revenue-producing growth reduces revenue-producing growth reduces property taxesproperty taxes
''This is Suozzi Land, (a grandiose ''This is Suozzi Land, (a grandiose plan when we can’t maintain what plan when we can’t maintain what we have” we have” Peter Schmitt, Nassau County Legislature Peter Schmitt, Nassau County Legislature
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Nassau Coliseum Redevelopment
2007 - Team chosen to 2007 - Team chosen to redevelop land around Nassau redevelop land around Nassau Coliseum.Coliseum.
The developer's vision - big for The developer's vision - big for Long Island: high rise housing, Long Island: high rise housing, office, and attractions. office, and attractions.
Town scaled back height and Town scaled back height and density to "preserve suburban density to "preserve suburban character”character”
Without a few dense nodes, the Without a few dense nodes, the Island's continued economic Island's continued economic growth will be at risk. growth will be at risk.
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Revitalizing a Suburban strip – Arlington, VA Declining Declining
corridorcorridor Retail lossesRetail losses Lumber yardsLumber yards Pawn ShopsPawn Shops Oil TanksOil Tanks
Rosslyn, VARosslyn, VA
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Arlington – Concept Plan
Relocate Relocate TransitTransit
Cluster Cluster DevelopmentDevelopment
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Rosslyn Ballston Land Use Plan
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Citizen Vision Plan
Significant growth inevitable. All land Significant growth inevitable. All land redevelopableredevelopable
Don’t repeat Rosslyn mistakesDon’t repeat Rosslyn mistakes Density half RosslynDensity half Rosslyn Balance, emphasize retailBalance, emphasize retail Early attention to amenities, Early attention to amenities,
architectural quality, pedestrianarchitectural quality, pedestrian 5 acres of parks in each bulls eye5 acres of parks in each bulls eye
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Transit Arrivals in Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor by Route, 1975-2002
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1977 1981 1990 1996 2002
Pe
rso
n T
rip
s
Wilson Boulevard U.S. 29/Lee Highway I-66
Source: Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
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Tour notes
RosslynRosslyn BallstonBallston Court HouseCourt House ClarendonClarendon
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Fred DockFred Dock
Robert CerveroRobert Cervero
Maureen Maureen McAveyMcAvey
Doug PorterDoug Porter
Bob DunphyBob Dunphy
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Thanks!Robert T. Dunphy
202-603-9907