TRANSITIONAL SHELTER
IS NOT JUST A DISASTER RESPONSE
IT’S YOUR FUTURE
AN EVENT OCCURS; PEOPLE ARE DISPLACED FROM THERE HOMES
SO WHAT IS THE GLOBALOBJECTIVE?
RETURN FAMILIES TO THEIR HOUSING STATUS AS IT WAS
BEFORE THE EVENT
POINT1:
• Shelter is the issue
• It is almost always the central issue
• It is generally the key driver in response
DISPLACEMENT = SHELTER
THE OBJECTIVE IS EASY; IT IS GETTINGTHERE THAT IS GIVING US PROBLEMS
Where do we start?
DEPENDS WHERE WEWANT TO BE ON THE CURVE
CURRENT TREND:• We are moving away from tents (except for
“first day” emergency response)
• We are moving toward the “world” of recovery
POINT 2:
WHEN WE TAKE SOMEONE OUT OF A TENT AND PUT THEM INTO
ANYTHING BETTER A WHOLE NEW DYNAMIC TAKES OVER
AND
A HOST OF INTERRELATED, INTERREACTING, MUTUALLY DEPENDANT PROBLEMS AND
COMPLICATION ARISE
POINT 3:
IF WE ARE TALKING ABOUT RECOVERY,
THEN THE FOCUS HAS TO BE TOWARD THE “PERMANENT HOUSE” OR WE ARE NOT DEALING WITH RECOVERY
SIDE BAR
Who is in charge to get us through the shelter-to-housing jungle?
NO ONE
But that is a subject for another day!
ONE APPROACH ISTRANSITION SHELTERS
WHAT IS A TRANSITIONAL SHELTER?
• Helps to kick starts recovery
• Accelerate re-integration into the country’s incremental housing development
• The non-tent structure is a part of the forthcoming permanent house
CONSEQUENCES OF THETRANSITIONAL SHELTER
INTERVENSION
•Sets the tone for the recovery generally
•Sets the stage for the characteristics of the permanent house
•
CHARACTERISTIC TABLE
See handout:
Everyone of these listed elements is part of any transitional shelter intervention, only the degree or magnitude is at issue.
and
Which characteristics are the important ones at any given time, and the level of program complexity, depends on context.
LAND ISSUES REQUIRE VARIABLE, MULTIPLE INTERVENTION METHODOLOGIES
• Owns land• Does not own but has
tenured relationship• No land but has
assets to purchase land
• No land and no assets
• Place of permanent house
• Permanent house will be somewhere else
TYPES OF TRANSITIONAL SHELTER CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGIES
• Contractor provided
• Responder design-build
• Material provisions
• Material provision & technical assistance
• Owner driven
OWNER DRIVEN CONSTRUCTION APPROACH REQUIRES:
•A start-to-finish plan.
•Adequate supply assurance system
•Adequate labor/tradesmen supple
•Proper house designs/plans
•Knowledge/skill education for homeowners/tradesmen
•Government capacity to manage/administer the whole activity
URBAN vs. RURAL CONTEXT
• They are separate programs
• They need separate administrations
• There is little transference between them
• Financing, costs, management and time frames are all different
• Every the elements of the characteristics table is enhanced
• Responder skill sets must be greater
PAKISTAN SHELTER EXAMPLE2005 Earthquake
•Failure to understand the complex dynamics of an urban recovery program
•No separate urban recovery program (World Bank) (Cluster system)
•Misunderstanding the importance of ruble removal (physical, emotional, economical)
•Need for strategically timed and placed imbedded expertise
PAKISTAN SHELTER EXAMPLE (con’t)
2005 Earthquake• Inadequate financing mechanism
• Lack of understanding of the master planning function
KABUL SHELTER EXAMPLE2006 INTEGRATED SHELTER PROGRAM
• Continuity of government leadership
• Paucity of planning
• Difficulties of imbedded expertise
•
GEORGIA SHELTER EXAMPLE2008 RUSSIAN CONFLICT
• Failure to look at all potential sheltering options
• No rudimentary long term recovery plan
• Collective centers in heavily constructed buildings
• Unsophisticated construction NGO leaders
• Issue of life-cycle costing vs. project costing
• Conflicts with multi-use structures
SQD (SHELTER QUOTIONENT DIAGRAM)
A MULTI-INTERVENTION PLANNING TOOL
• Keeps you in touch with the big picture• Shows your intervention in context with the total
need• Displays the interrelationship of multiple
interventions • Provides a framework for scaling up and scaling
down• Provides a reporting structure
MAJOR NEEDS
• Good Definitions• Our shelters must reasonably mitigate
associated hazards• Change institutional mind sets• Trained shelter operatives• Our method of response needs to contextual,
based on need, and fit the R-D and shelter curves
• We need to reformulate the management/funding/financial mechanisms for shelter-to-housing interventions
MAJOR NEEDS (con’t)
• Development of an urban expertise (cities are dirty, messy, costly and politically ugly; no one wants to work there)
• Develop government assistance programs as a component to shelter interventions
• Develop programs to imbed shelter/construction manager experts into cognizant government agencies
• Establishment of a unified shelter-to-housing management system
MAJOR NEEDS (con’t)• We need a shelter recovery manual for political leaders
• We need a transitional shelter frame that can self morph to local conditions
KEY ATTRIBUTES OF OFDA SHELTER PROGRAMS
• Disaster Risk Reductions
• Livelihood augmentation
• SPHERE minimum standards
• Every shelter has to have a latrine
FINISH
RIGHT NOW WE ARE MIRED IN THE WORST-OF-BOTH-WORLDS LIMBO
SHELTER STRATIGIES
• Tent camps• Hosting• Collective centers• Rentals (including rent free agreements)• Temporary single family units• Transitional shelters• Partial home repair• Squatting