Trends in food consumption and drivers of change
David Hallam
Expert consultation on trade and nutrition, 15-16 November 2016, FAO.
Trends in food consumption patterns by region (Kcal/Person/Day; FAO)
Trends in food consumption patterns by region (Kcal/Person/Day; FAO)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
(b) Africa
Others
Sugar & Sweeteners
Vegetable Oils
Meat
Milk
Fruits & Vegetables
Starchy Roots
Cereals
Trends in food consumption patterns by region (Kcal/Person/Day; FAO)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
(c) North America
Others
Sugar & Sweeteners
Vegetable Oils
Meat
Milk
Fruits & Vegetables
Starchy Roots
Cereals
Trends in food consumption patterns by region (Kcal/Person/Day; FAO)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
(d)Eastern Asia
Others
Sugar & Sweeteners
Vegetable Oils
Meat
Milk
Fruits & Vegetables
Starchy Roots
Cereals
Trends in food consumption patterns by income groups (Kcal/Person/Day)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
(a) High Income Countries
Others
Sugar & Sweeteners
Vegetable Oils
Meat
Milk
Fruits & Vegetables
Starchy Roots
Cereals
Trends in food consumption patterns by income groups (Kcal/Person/Day)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
(b) Upper Middle Income Countries
Others
Sugar & Sweeteners
Vegetable Oils
Meat
Milk
Fruits & Vegetables
Starchy Roots
Cereals
Trends in food consumption patterns by income groups (Kcal/Person/Day)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
(c) Lower Middle Income Countries
Others
Sugar & Sweeteners
Vegetable Oils
Meat
Milk
Fruits & Vegetables
Starchy Roots
Cereals
Trends in food consumption patterns by income groups (Kcal/Person/Day)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
40001
961
19
621
963
19
641
965
19
661
967
19
681
969
19
701
971
19
721
973
19
741
975
19
761
977
19
781
979
19
801
981
19
821
983
19
841
985
19
861
987
19
881
989
19
901
991
19
921
993
19
941
995
19
961
997
19
981
999
20
002
001
20
022
003
20
042
005
20
062
007
20
082
009
20
102
011
(d) Low Income Countries
Others
Sugar & Sweeteners
Vegetable Oils
Meat
Milk
Fruits & Vegetables
Starchy Roots
Cereals
Drivers of change in food consumption patterns (from Traill et.al., 2014)
What do the data show?
• preliminary quantitative analysis
• data limitations
• importance of income and urbanisation
• limited importance of trade and FDI
• directions for further research
What are the policy implications?
• Nutrition sensitive policies?
• Policy targets – prices, preferences, access, availability
• Agrculture
• Value chains
• Trade
• Consumers