Download - Tri-County 11.19.11 Process
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Update on Adolescent Sex
OffendersAnna C. Salter
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Working with Sex Offenders
Therapeutic Interactions & Techniques
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Purpose of Treatment
Reduce recidivism?
Have a better life for the offender?
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Purpose of Treatment
Reduce recidivism
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Any behavior that is self -destructive or hasserious social consequences would be themost central initial target.
(Kanfer & Goldstein, 1991)
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Connecting
Therapists represent world of authority
Antisocial teens and adults not acceptedthe social contract
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Allies
Teens Not entrenched
Adults Getting older
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Teens View of Adults
Dont understandFocus too much on responsibilities: notenough on funExaggerate risksObsess on remote dangers
Dont understand the teen is immortal Just wants to berate them and make themfeel bad
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Delinquent Teens
All of the previousDefiance, not alliance
Prone to power strugglesDo not identifyShare familys view of therapists
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It can be challenging to work with teens.
Euphemism
Verbally provocative
Uncontrollably violent
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Tightrope Walking
Represent norms of law-abiding world
Build a working relationship
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Therapists Cannot . . .
Fail to report infractionsCollude in blaming the victim
Wink at technical violations, e.g., alcoholand drugsExpect reciprocity
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Basis of Therapeutic Relationship
Trust?Warmth?Empathy?Self-Disclosure?
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I tell my clients that I do not operate on atrust basis. Trust is whats abusable. . .Feeling confident about them can bedangerous.
(Knopp, 1984)
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If trust them . . .
No polygraphNo GPS
No drug testingNo verifying infoNo collateral supervision
No checking in with employer,family, individual therapist, etc.
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Trust Undermines Abstinence
Removes external controls
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Basis of Therapeutic Alliance
Fairness
Goodwill
Honesty
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Three Rules of Sex OffenderTreatment
Verify
Verify
Verify
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Fairness
More important to teens
Gross and elementary(One size fits all)
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What to Do?
Teen A Calms down when sent to atime-out for inappropriate behavior
Teen B Escalates in time-outCalms down if left in group
Different penalties seen as unfair
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What If . . .
Whats good for individual
Is seen as unfair by group?
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Whats At Stake?
Therapists represent authority
Anti-social teens do not accept authority
Group towards or away to an acceptance
of legitimate authority
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Nobody accepts arbitrary authority
No therapeutic alliance with unfairauthority
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Acceptance of Authority in Form ofTherapists, Teachers, Parents, Coaches
Precedes Abstract Acceptance ofAuthority
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What to Do
Always consider groups view of whats fair
Never dismiss it as unimportant
Always monitor where you stand on
fairness issue
Try to come up with solutions accepted as
fair
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Adults
Assess who has grievance-based thinking
Understand they project unfairness ontoyou
Always point to, same rules for everyone
Put program rules in writing
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Grievance Thinking in Adults
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Resentment
I started remembering everything.Everything. The death, the pain. I used toget mad. I still do. When I hear peoplelaugh I get mad. Why is life so much funfor you and not for me?.
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Leroys Response
All this was is battery. I got railroaded.
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Attacked Officers in Jail
That incident in the county jail it wasnt personal. Itwasnt one of those things that officer so and so isworking today whoever was working it was going
to happen. . . You go into that situation knowing . . .Just like if you go in a robbery with a gun, you dontthink you are going to kill someone. But you knowyou need to take the gun in the robbery because you
might need to kill someone. Of course thats wrong.But you dont care. Why should I care? Thats whyyou need to get to the point where you care.
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Grievance Thinking
Much of the ruminating on past injustices
Unable to see authority in any other light
See ambiguous and even benign incidents
as malevolent
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Principles of Therapeutic Alliance
Right Distance
Not too close; not too far
Never changes
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Risk of Empathy
Wants to please therapist to hold his/her regard
Doesnt want to disappoint therapist byadmitting hes been lying
Wants to look good in front of therapist
Disappoints therapist and therapist withdraws
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Too close Client fakes goodClient disappoints therapist
Too far Therapist angryWithdraws
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The Right Distance
Will help client, if client lets him/her
Understand clients behavior reflects onclient, not on therapist
Therapist wishes client well, but does notbase self- esteem on clients behavior
Therapeutic narcissism under control
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No Yo-Yo Therapists
Warm and disclosing in one session
Distant and judgmental in the next
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Working with Lost Souls& Predators
Lost Souls Predators
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Lost Souls
Emotional identification withchildren
Lack of social skills
Low self-esteem
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Predators
Planning
Grooming of Victims
Callousness
Predatory Attitude
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Treatment of Lost Souls
Anti-confrontation
Raise self-esteem
Emphasize positive life style (New Me)
Social skills/Intimacy training
Approach goals
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Treatment of Predators
Utilizes confrontation
Focuses on avoidance goals(Relapse prevention)
Polygraph/plethysmograph
Community supervision/management
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Fairness
The right distance
Good-will
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Good-Will
No axe to grind
No stake in proving client a predator
Not over-invested in believing he is low
risk
Hopes for the best; accepts possibility of
the worse
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Good-Will
Accepts need for external control
Always working towards internal control
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Fairness
The right distance
Good-will
Up-front
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Upfront & Honest
Will tell you first
Discuss in advance what testimony/reportwill be
If consulting/meeting on their case, tellthem in advance
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Client Dependent on Therapist?Whose Needs Are Met?
Praise and Blame
Both make client look for external validation
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Therapist as center of spokes on a wheel?
Therapist praises?Therapist confronts?Therapist judges?
Therapist engineers a setting, exercises andgroup culture which fosters change
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Symmetrical and AsymmetricalRelationships
Most relationships are symmetrical
Psychopaths form asymmetricalrelationships
Anger, hostility can be defused in non-psychopaths by therapist behavior
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Relaxed body language when challenging
Use of humor: Riddle me this, batman
Giving choices
Side-stepping power strugglesI only know one thing; Im not going to jail
no matter what you decide.
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Setting Up a Prosocial GroupCulture
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Group Leaders
Overt
Informal
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Overt Group Leader
Open claim for leadershipOlderMore experiencedSmarterMore dominant
Natural leader
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Informal Group Leader
No open claim for leadershipGroup members listenLook at him when speakingMay confront acknowledged leaderMay be independent
May give sound advice
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Both group leaders prosocialPro-social group culture automatic
One or both antisocialTherapists must intervene
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Impact of Group Leaders
Distract groupFail to do homeworkTeens clown in immature waysBlame victimsCollude with other clients denial
Disregards group rules
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Options
Talk outside of groupEngineer group feedbackTeens: Supervised time outWarning then probation then dismissal
T G O B i Kid
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Teen Groups: On Being a KidNeed to do something
Less reading; more games, exercises
Kids generate answers; are not fed them
Group generates rules
Hand out lego, crayons, paper, play dough
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Group Rules
ConfidentialityNot too loudNo disrupting groupOne time out passWatch your language
No interrupting
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Group Rules
No physical fightingNo put-downsNo homework = no snackBe a decent human beingRules can be added as needed
Ch ll P St l ?
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Challenge or Power Struggle?
Challenge or Confrontation
With the therapistWith the group
With their futureWith the consequences
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Teen believes sex with 7-year-old sisterconsensual or she would have said no
What to do?
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Less Useful
Dont she think she might have frozen becauseshe was scared?
Gives him right answer
If it were me, I might have been thinking . . .
Right answer plus therapist viewsAt center of things
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Therapeutic Techniques
Modeling
Prosocial Little positive effect
Poor Massive negative effect
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Prosocial Modeling
Treating group members & co-therapistsrespectfullyAlways talking about women and childrenrespectfullyAlways talking about victims respectfullyAdmitting to a mistakeRefraining from complaining or whiningKeeping promises
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Inappropriate Modeling
Dominating the group & not allowing co-therapist equal air timeLooking bored when co-therapist speakingIgnoring co- therapists point and switchingtopicsSharing personal troublesBlaming administration for unpopular rulesAllowing a likeable member to get away withthings
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Inappropriate Modeling
Breaking promises when convenientAllowing group members to refer to girlsas hos Cancelling group frequentlyShowing up late for group
Not prepared for groupConstantly looking at watch during group
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Therapeutic Techniques
Praise
Not too effusive
More often than negative reinforcement
Must up in offenders who are acting out tokeep balance
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Therapeutic Techniques
Self-disclosure
Puts focus on therapistBlurs professional boundariesAllows manipulation and even blackmail
by high risk offendersCauses lost souls to take care of therapist
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Therapeutic Techniques
Self-disclosure
Borderline clients lose all boundariesFosters client comparison with therapistDecreases projection
Takes time from client issues
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The Funnel
Learning a New Skill
Nonsexual examples
Sexual but other sex offenders
Relating to their offenses
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Boundaries of
Developmentally NormativeSexual Behavior