Download - Tropical Anticancerous plants
Seminar-I
Tropical anticancerous plants
By, Rahul S. Phatak UHS11PGM140 Dept. of PMA
University of Horticultural Sciences, BagalkotK. R. C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi
«dAiÀĪÁtÂ, 12. ¸É¥ÀÖA§gï. 2012
Cancer is generally considered to comprise more
than 100 diseases, each characterized by uncontrolled
growth and spread of abnormal cells.
(Watson,
2006)
Causes
Internal factors
Inherited mutation, hormones, immune condition and mutation that occur from metabolism.
External factors
Tobacco, Chemicals, Radiation and Infectious organisms
(Baudino, 2004)
Genes Cancer
Types of cancer
There are Four types according to body tissue from
which they arise
1. Carcinoma : epithelial cells lining lung, liver, breast,
prostate and pancreas
2. Sarcoma: muscles, nerves and bones
3. Lymphoma: cells in lymph glands
4. Leukemia: blood forming tissue
(Bagchi and Preuss, 2005)
Cancer globally…
• Every year, diagnosed in 10 million people and account
for 7.1 million deaths (12.5 % of global total)
• Second to cardiovascular diseases
• Global cancer rates could increase by 50% to 15 million
by 2020
• Due to smoking and adoption of unhealthy lifestyles
• Brest cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer
and blood cancer are found major.(WHO, 2009)
How to cure..?
Surgery Oldest known treatmentOnly if cancer has not metastasized
Radiation• Radiotherapy• By focusing high-energy rays on cancer cells• May cause side effects
Chemotherapy
Toxic drugs are needed
Focus is to trigger the apoptotic programme
Inhibition, blocking effect, anti progression
Natural, synthetic or both
Table 1: Some anti-cancerous plants used in cancer therapy
Plant species Experiments on various cancer cells
Mechanism of action
Catharanthus roseus Leukemias, lyphomas and lung cancer
Mitotic block
Berberineeris sp. Breast, prostrate and lung cancer
Apoptosis
Gloriosa superba Leukemia Anti-mitotic
Curcuma longa Colon and pancreatic cancer
Unknown
Zingiber officinalis Breast and lung cancer Un known
Andrographis paniculata
Colon cancer Apoptosis
(Nirmala et al., 2011)
Palargonium graveolens
Breast cancer Un known
Boesenbergia pandurata
Breast and colon cancer Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
Ruta graveolens Colon & prostate cancer Cell cycle arrest
Ocimum sanctum Lung cancer Inhibition of invasion
Magnolia officinalis
Prostate cancer Not known
Achyranthes aspera
Pancreatic cancer Apoptosis
Solanum nigrum colon and breast cancer Apoptosis
Artemisia vulgaris Prostate & colon cancer Apoptosis
(Nirmala et al., 2011)
Table 1Contd.
Solanum nigrum
Black nightshade
Solanaceae
Berries
Antipyretic and Diuretic
Artemisia vulgaris
Asteraceae
Whole herb
Intestinal worms, Asthma, Sterility
Figure 1: Effect of aqueous extracts of Artemisia vulgaris on clonoginicity of cancer cells
(Nawab et al., 2011)
*p < 0.05, and **p < 0.01
In-vitro
Figure 2: Effect of aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum on clonoginicity of cancer cells
(Nawab et al., 2011)
**p < 0.01
In-vitro
Plate 1: Effect of aqueous extracts on induction of apoptosis in various cancer cells (DNA fragmentation assay).
(Nawab et al., 2011)
Boesenbergia pandurata (Kaempferia pandurata)
Zingiberaceae
Panduratin A
Traditionally used as general tonic
Figure 3: Influence of plant extracts on HT-29 colon cancer cells
(Kirana et al., 2007)
Fraction A - with 1:1 methanol/water Fraction B -with 100% methanol
In-vitro
Figure 3: different cell cycle check points by plant constituents
Figure 4: Effect of Panduratin A on cell cycle
(Kirana et al., 2007)
In-vitro
Figure 5: Total apoptosis in HT-29 cancer cells after 48 h treatment with different concentrations of Panduratin A.
(Kirana et al., 2007)
In-vitro
Figure 6: Effect of diets on body weight of rats
(Kirana et al., 2007)
Ruta graveolens (Garden rue)
Rutaceae
used as an abortifacient, insect repellant, treatment for arthritis and ulcers
Figure 7: Effect of varying concentrations of R. graveolens extract on clonogenicity of HCT116 , RKO and DU-145 cancer cells
(Fadlalla, 2011)
In-vitro
Plate 2: Effect of R. graveolens extract treatment on induction of p53
protein in cancer cells
Con
trol
50µ
g/m
l10
0µg/
ml
p53 Tubulin Merge
(Fadlalla, 2011)
Plate 3: Effect of R. graveolens extract treatment on membrane bleb formation. (Phase-contrast micrography of treated cells)
(Fadlalla, 2011)
Figure 8: Caspase-3 activation assay (Caspase activity kinetics was recorded as absorbance at 405 nm.)
(Fadlalla, 2011)
• Achyranthes aspera
Amaranthaceae
(Subbarayan et al., 2012)
Plate 4: Luciferase expressing tumoursA. day 4 (baseline) of treatment demonstrate the tumour establishment
B. day 33 captures the effect of treatment.
(Subbarayan et al., 2012)
Figure 9: Effect of Achyranthes aspera leaf extract treatment on weight of tumour
(Subbarayan et al., 2012)
Figure 10: Expression profile of selected genes in tumour tissues from control and treated mice.
(Subbarayan et al., 2012)
Plate 5: IHC results of cleaved caspase-3 and pAkt in human pancreatic tumour grown subcutaneously in athymic mice.
(Subbarayan et al., 2012)
• Curcuma longa
Zingiberaceae
Curcumin
Figure 11: Dose response of docetaxel and curcumin against A549 lung cancer cells.
(Yin et al., 2011)
Table 2: Effect of Docetaxel and Curcumin against tumour growth of A549 xenografts
* P < 0.05 vs, the group of docetaxel
(Yin et al., 2011)
Plate 6: Excised tumours of subcutaneous A549 lung cancer xenograft bearing nude mice after 15 days of single dose
therapy
(Yin et al., 2011)
• Ocimum sanctum
Holy basil
Lamiaceae
anti-inflammatory
anti-ulcer
anti-carcinogenic
Figure 12: Effect of EEOS on the formation of tumour nodules in LLC-inoculated mice.
(Kim et al., 2010)
** P < 0.01
Plate 7: Effect of EEOS on the formation of tumour nodules in LLC-inoculated mice.
(Kim et al., 2010)
Plate 8: Effect of EEOS on activation of MMP-2 and -9 (Zymographic assay)
(Kim et al., 2010)
• Withania somnifera
Solanaceae
Withanin, Withaferin
General tonic, sexual
disorders
Table 3: Effect of withaferin A on mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma
(Devi et al., 1995)
WA, 10-60 indicate drug doses in mg/kga determined at one week of treatmentb, c significant compared to control (b P < 0.05,c P < 0.01)
• Magnolia officinalis
Magnoliaceae
Magnolol
used to treat acute pain,
cough and
gastrointestinal disorders
Figure 13: Effect of Magnolol on PC-3 Human Prostate Carcinoma cell proliferation (MTT assay)
(Hwang and Park, 2010)
In-vitro
Figure 14: Effect of Magnolol on PC-3 Human Prostate Carcinoma cell invasion
(Hwang and Park, 2010)
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01
Figure 15: Effect of Magnolol on MMP expression(Hwang and Park, 2010)
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01
Anticancer compounds from many plants have been found significantly active against various cancer cells in animal models.
Further research on precise molecular mechanisms and targets for cell growth inhibition may lead to better treatment of cancer
Conclusion
Tobacco causes cancer; cancer kills.
Thank you…