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Troubleshooting Tools
Kyle Broussard and Alexandra Mikolai
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Hardware Tools
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Broken Cables• Broken cables cause permanent disconnections, not
slowdowns• Types of broken cables
1. Open circuit2. Short3. Wire map problem4. Crosstalk5. Noise6. Impedance mismatch
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Cable Testers, TDRs, and OTDRs
• Cable testers tell you if there’s a continuity problem or if a wire map is incorrect• TDR and OTDR tell where the break in the
cable is• TDR = time domain Reflectometers• OTDR = optical time domain reflectometers
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Cable Certifiers• Certifiers test cable to ensure it can handle
its rated capacity• Should use when there is a slowdown or to
eliminate cabling as the problem
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Voltage Event Recorder/ Temperature Monitor
• Heat and power problems can manifest as intermittent problems• Use to monitor server rooms over time to
detect and record issues with electricity and heat
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Protocol Analyzers• Monitor the different protocols running at
different layers on the network• Helps to determine slowdowns on a
network by giving an idea of excess or unexpected traffic
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Cable Strippers, Snips, and Crimpers
• Used to make UTP cables
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Multimeters• Test voltage, resistance and continuity• Only tool to read amount of voltage on a
line• Used also for continuity testing if cable
tester is unavailable
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Tone Probes/Generators• Used together to help locate a particular
cable
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Butt Sets• Used to test whether a particular phone
line is working or not
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Punchdown Tools• Put UTP wires into 66- and 110-blocks. • Only used diagnostically to repunch a
connection
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Software Tools
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Built-In Software
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The traceroute Command
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• Trace all routers between two points• Diagnose where the problem lies when unable to reach remote
system• Many routers block ICMP packets
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The mtr Command
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The ipconfig and ifconfig Commands
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The ping and arping Commands
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• Ping• Uses ICMP packets to query by IP or name• Works across routers
• Arping• Use if ping doesn’t work• Uses ARP frames instead of ICMP packets• ARP frames do not cross routers, can only be used within broadcast domains• UNIX based systems
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The nslookup/dig Commands
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The hostname Command
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The route Command
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The nbtstat Command
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• Windows only program• Should always be ran with a switch• Most useful switch is –n which shows the local NetBIOS names
• Useful way to see what systems are on your network
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The netstat Command
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Third-Party Software
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Packet Sniffer
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• Also called protocol analyzers• Intercepts and logs packets• Wireshark
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Port Scanners
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• Probes ports on other systems• Used to look for unintentionally opened ports• Used by hackers • Nmap
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Throughput Testers
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• Measures data flow in a network• Speedtest.net