Download - Turning and Positioning a Client
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Prepared by:
ANNDRA MARGARETH B. DUMO, RM, RN
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Disuse Osteoporosis demineralizationof bone due to absence of stress ofweight bearing activity
Disuse Atrophy unused muscledecrease in size, losing most of theirstrength and normal function
Contracturespermanent shortening of
the muscle limiting joint mobility Ankylosisstiffness and pain in thejoints
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Diminished Cardiac Reserve imbalance in theAutonomic Nervous System resulting inpreponderance of sympathetic activity overcholinergic activity that increases the heart rate,
reducing diastolic pressure, coronary blood flowand the capacity of the heart to respond to anymetabolic demands above the basal levels
Increased use of Valsalva Maneuver refers toholding the breath and straining against a closedglottis
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Orthostatic Hypotension or Postural Hypotensionblood pools in the lower extremities and centralblood pressure drops, cerebral perfusion isseriously compromised and th person feels dizzy
or light headed or may even faint
Venous Vasodilation and Stasis blood pools inthe leg veins
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Dependent Edema serous par of the blood isforced out of the blood vessel into the interstitialspace surrounding the blood vessel causingedema
Thrombus Formation a clot that is looselyattached to an inflamed vein wall
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Decreased Respiratory Movementmuscleatrophy of the respiratory muscle because thereis no stimulus of activity
Pooling of Respiratory Secretions secretions
pool by gravity interfering the normal diffusion ofO2 and CO2 in the alveoli
Atelectasiscollapse of a lobe or of an entirelung
Hypostatic Pneumonia pooled secretion provideexcellent media for bacterial growth
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Decreased Metabolic Rate the BMR andGI motility and secretions of variousdigestive glands decrease as the energyrequirements of the body decrease
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Metabolismrefers to the sum of all thephysical and chemical processes bywhich living substance is formed andmaintained and by which energy is madeavailable for use by the body
Basal Metabolic Rate the minimal
energy expended for the maintenance ofbodily processes
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Negative Nitrogen Balance depletion ofprotein stores that are essential forbuilding muscle tissue and for woundhealing
Anabolism protein synthesis
Catabolism protein breakdown
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Anorexialoss of appetite due to
decreased metabolic rate and increasedcatabolism
Negative calcium Balance greateramount of calcium are extracted from the
bone than can be replaced
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Urinary Stasis stoppage or slow down ofurine flow
Renal Calculi urine becomes alkaline andcalcium salts precipitate out as crystals toform renal stones
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Urinary retention accumulation of urinein the bladder
Urinary Infection static provides anexcellent medium for bacterial growth
Escherichia coli most commoncausative microorganism, normal flora of
the colon
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Constipation
decreased peristalsis and colon motility
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Reduced Skin Turgor skin atrophiescausing loss of elasticity
Skin Breakdown diminished supplyof nutrients in the skin
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Frustration due to increased dependence toothers
Decreased Self-Esteem
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pillows mattresses
bed boards
chair beds foot boot
foot board
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bed position n which head and trunk areraised 45 to 90 degrees
position of choice for people who have difficultyin breathing and people with heart problems
Low Fowlers/Semi-Fowlershead and trunk areraised 15 45 degrees
High Fowlers head and trunk are raised 90
degrees
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Orthopneic Position client sits either inbed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table across the lap
facilitates respiration by allowing maximumchest expansion
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Dorsal Recumbent Position back lying withhead and shoulders slightly elevated
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Prone Position client lies in the abdomenwith the head turned to one side
promotes drainage
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Lateral Position side-lying
Sims Position semi-prone
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Trendelenburge Position bed is inclined sothat the feet are higher than the head
Reverse Trendelenburge Position bed isinclined so that the head is higher than thefeet
Lithotomy Position lower extremities areelevated and supported by stirrups