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Types and Components of the Computer System
By: Fernando Manuel Calderón and Sebastián Gabriel GuozdenForm: 1thBYear: 2011
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What is a Computer?
What is the Hardware?
What is the Software?
Hardware vs. Software
Main Components of a Computer
Main or Internal Memory
Measures the size of the memory
Video Software and Hardware( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv9463LXyCE )
Index
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What's a Computer? A computer is a device, or a group
of devices, designed to do something, such as process information or control a system.
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What is the Hardware?
The “Hardware” are the physical parts of a computer system, the ones that you can feel and touch.
Ex: A monitor, a printer, a mouse or a pen drive.
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What is the Software? The “Software” is the set of
instructions that make the computer do sth.
There are two main types of softwares:
▪ Operating System▪ Applications
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Hardware vs. Software
The main difference between Hardware and Software :
▪ You can touch Hardware – it is made of physical objects.
▪ Software relates to ideas and instructions for
using the solid objects.
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Main Components of a Computer The Hardware of most computers can
be divided into several types of device:▪ Input Device
▪ Processor
▪ Output Device
▪ Storage Device
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Applications The “Applications” or “Programs” will allowed users to
use the computer to play a game, for example, or write a letter.
Here are a few examples of general-purpose applications and what they can be used for: Word-Processing Application Database Programs Spreadsheet Applications Presentation Applications Desktop-Publishing packages Graphics Programs Computer-Aided Design Packages Communications Software Web Page Editors Audio Production and Editing Programs
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Word-Processing Application Word-Processing Applications are
used to produce letters, reports and memos.
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Database Programs Database programs are used to store
and retrieve information.
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Spreadsheet Applications Spreadsheet applications are used
for tasks that involve calculations or graphs or charts.
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Presentation Applications Presentation Applications are used to
create slide shows and presentations.
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Desktop-Publishing Packages Desktop-Publishing Packages are
used to produce posters, newsletters and magazines.
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Graphics Programs Graphics Programs are used for
artwork.
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Computer-Aided Design Packages Computer-Aided Design Packages are
used to produce detailed designs and plans.
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Web Page Editors Web Page Editors are used to create
web pages.
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Audio Production and Editing Programs
Audio Production and Editing Programs are a common way of producing high quality music at low cost.
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Communication Software Communication Software such as
web browsers and email programs are used to access the internet and send and receive emails.
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Input Device An Input Device is used to put data
into the computer.
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Processor
A Processor does something with the data given by the Input Device
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Output Device An output device is used to tell
someone or something the result that the processor came up with.
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Storage Device A Storage Device keeps all this data
and the Software that is used. If the computer did not have somewhere to store things it would forget everything when it was turned off.
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Main or Internal Memory One important part of the CPU is the Main
Memory. This is used to store all the data and instructions which the computer is going to use or the answers that it has produce.
Within the main memory there are two other memories that are complementary and that makes the main memory to fulfill its function, and this memories are called:
▪ Rom (Read Only Memory)
▪ Ram(Random Access Memory)
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ROM In order to reload the programs and data, the
computer must be ready to do things. This means that when you switch it on the computer must already have some software in it so that it can understand what you want to do. This software is stored on a special type of main memory called Rom.
Rom would be useless for doing work or running programs, though, because we normally want to change things
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RAM
This memory called RAM stores anything that needs to be changed. All the programs and all the data being used are stored here.
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Measures the size of the memory
The Computer can only understand electrical signals being turned on or off. These signals can be stand for 0 (no signal being sent) or 1 (an electric signal). Everything else has to be made up of combinations of these electrical signals or no electrical signals.
The memory of the computer can be measure by:
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Users Interfaces The interfaces are a part of the operating
system. Operating System is the set of instuctions
that makes the computer works. There are many types of interfaces. The
chosing of them depends on: The job that the computer has to do the types of users and their abilities.
A type of interface can be the Graphical Users Interfaces or also the command line interface (CLI)
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Types of computer(old ones to new ones) The types of computers are:
▪ Mainframe▪ Terminal▪ Personal Computers▪ Laptop ▪ Netbooks▪ Palmtops
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Mainframe
Big computer
Used by many companies.
Begin to be used between 1950 and 1960
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Terminal
It is usally a keyboard and a monitor screen which lets a person have their own connection to the computer.
The users of these terminals couls then all share the power of single mainframes.
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Personal Computers They belong to a single person
They are contolled by a person rather than a large company.
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Laptop
In 1990 po rtable compuers became popular.
They were name as Laptops.
Laptops have their own power supply and screen.
Completly portable although they have the same hardware than the PC.
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Netbooks
Recently they become popular.
They are small.
Usually cheap.
Less powerfull laptops use mainly to browse internet.
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Palmtops
When batteries where developed That combined a smallñer size with a longe rlife.
Smaller laptops became possible.
Some laptops can enter in human hands.
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Command Line Interfaces This is an Interface for
comunicating with the computer. With this interface you have to type
in specific commands to tell the computer what to do.
This is difficult for many resons: The user must know all comands. The user must be carefull not to make any error.
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Graphical Users Interfaces GUIs are typified by the use of little
pictures(called icons) to stand for things that can be done.
These icons can be pointe by an arrow on the screen contolled by the mouse.
The screen can be divided into different areas wich can have differnet things in them; these are called windows.
Puting the for elements together you get the WIMP. Graphical Users Interfaces are sometimes calles WIMP.