Download - Types of Interactions Ch 18.3 7th
Explain the relationship between carrying capacity and limiting factors
Describe the two types of competition
Distinguish between mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Give an example of co-evolution.
Organisms interact with the biotic and abiotic factors in their environment that can control the size of the population
Limiting Factors: a resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of a population
Ex: food, water, living space…
Carrying Capacity: the largest population an environment can support; limiting factors control population size
There are 4 main ways that species and individuals affect each other:› COMPETITION
› PREDATORS & PREY
› SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
› CO-EVOLUTION
When 2 or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource, such as food, water, shelter, space, or sunlight
Competition within a population› Ex: Elk population in Yellowstone – herbivores
competing for plants Competition between populations
› Ex: different species of trees competing for sunlight
Predator adaptations› Ex: Cheetah running fast
Prey adaptations› Ex: Fire Salamander sprays poison› warning colorations› living in groups
Camouflage› Animals mimic twigs, leaves, stones to
blend in with their surroundings Defensive chemicals
› Ex: spines of a porcupine; skunk spray› Ex: hooded pitohui has deadly toxins
Warning coloration› Common warning signs are bright color
shades of red, white, yellow, orange, black
A relationship in which 2 different organisms live in close association with each other
Classified into 3 groups:› MUTUALISM› COMMENSALISM› PARASITISM
Relationship where both organisms benefit
Ex: E. coli bacteria in your gut
Ex: coral and algae
One organism benefits, the other is unaffected
Ex: sharks and remora
One organism benefits while the other is harmed
Parasite (benefits); host (harmed)
Ex: ticks, tapeworms, tomato hornworm
Relationships between organisms change over time
A long-term change that takes place in 2 species because of their close interactions with one another
Ex: ant and acacia tree
Flowers have changed over millions of years to attract pollinators
Flowers and their pollinators have interacted so closely they have co-evolved
Ex: hummingbirds, bats, bees
Explain the difference between mutualism and co-evolution.
Can a predator ever be the prey for another species?