Unit: Chemical Reactions of Matter
UEQ: How does the structure of matter influence its physical and chemical behavior?
Concept: chemical formula LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?
Elements compoundsNew properties are created
Why do elements form compounds?To become more chemically stable
by getting a complete outer energy level.
Concept: chemical formula LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?
What are chemical formulas?A formula that tells you number of
atoms each element in a compound represented by symbols and subscripts
Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?Subscripts
small numbers to the lower right of the chemical symbol
Represents the number of atoms of that element present in the compound
***the subscript of 1 is never written in a chemical formula because it is understood since the chemical symbol is there****
Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?Looking at the following formulas
state the number of atoms for each compound.
NH4OH
NH4C
Ag2O
K2SO4
Ca (NO3)2
Na2S
Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?What are characteristics of
polyatomic ions?Form ternary compounds (3
elements)Covalent molecules with a chargeBehave as if they were one atomic
ion
Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?What are common polyatomic ions?Ammonium – NH4
1+ (only positive one)Hydroxide – OH1-
Nitrite – NO2 1-
Nitrate – NO3 1-
Sulfite – SO3 2-
Sulfate – SO4 2-
Carbonate – CO3 2-
Phosphate - PO4 3-
Concept: chemical formula LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?
Remember, oxidation numbers tell how many electrons and atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable.
Shown as superscripts.
Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?We use oxidation numbers and their
least common multiples to write formulas
So, if both subscripts are divisible by the same number, they must be reduced to
have formula in proper form. When writing formulas, the compound
should be neutral (same number of + and - charges)
Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Binary compoundsGained (anion - ) or lost (cation +)
electronsElectrical attraction (opposite
charges hold compounds together)Smallest particle is an ionSolid at room temperature
Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Crystalline lattice structure
(repeating patterns of ions)Between a metal and nonmetalStronger than covalent bondsFormula unitMakes atoms more stableLowers potential energy
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?How do you write the formula of a simple
ionic compound?1. Write the ions beside each other (first
cation then anion)2. Write the oxidation of each as superscripts
w/ charge3. Drop the +/- signs4. Crisscross superscripts so they become
subscripts5. Reduce when possible
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Practice
Write the formula for the followingMagnesium chloride
Potassium iodide
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Practice-AnswersMagnesium chloride- MgCl2
Potassium iodide- KI
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Practice on your own
Write the formula for the following
Boron oxideBeryllium and Nitrogen
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Practice-AnswersBoron oxide- B2O3
Beryllium and Nitrogen – Be3N2
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Bell Work 11/28/12
Write the formula unit for the following:
Lithium nitrideSodium fluoride
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?How do you write the formula of an ionic
compound with a transition metal?Ti (4+, 3+)Cr (2+, 3+, 6+)Mn ( 3+, 4+, 6+)Fe (2+, 3+)Co (2+, 3+)Ni (2+, 3+)Cu (2+, 1+)Zn (2+)Pb (2+, 4+)Sn (2+, 4+)
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
PracticeWrite formula for the following
Iron (III) oxideZinc (II) chlorideSilver (I) chloride
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
PracticeWrite formula for the following
Iron (III) oxide – Fe2 O3
Zinc (II) chloride – Zn Cl2
Silver (I) chloride – Ag Cl
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
PracticeWrite formula for the following
Copper (II) phosphideManganese (IV) oxideLead (IV) sulfide
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
PracticeWrite formula for the following
Copper (II) phosphide – Cu3 P2
Manganese (IV) oxide – Mn O2
Lead (IV) sulfide – Pb S2
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
How do you write the formula of an ionic compound with a polyatomic ion?
Treat the polyatomic ion as oneCrisscross to determine formulaUse parenthesis around polyatomic
ionOnly reduce subscripts that are
outside of the parenthesis
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Ca 2+
Mg 2+
Ba 2+
Ba 2+
Cation Anion
NO 3 –
PO 4 3-
OH –
SO 4 2-
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Bell Work 11/29/12Practice writing formulas with polyatomic ions
Sodium carbonateCalcium carbonateAluminum carbonateSodium phosphateCalcium phosphateAluminum phosphate
Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
Practice writing formulas with polyatomic ionsSodium carbonate – Na2CO3
Calcium carbonate – CaCO3
Aluminum carbonate – Al2(CO3)3
Sodium phosphate – Na3 PO4
Calcium phosphate – Ca3 (PO3)2
Aluminum phosphate – AlPO3
Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
How do you name ionic compounds?Write metal name first
Remember if it is a transition metal, YOU MUST put a Roman Numeral after its name to represent its oxidation number!!! Look at the subscript of the nonmetal for this information!!!
Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?
How do you name ionic compounds?Then, write the nonmetal name. Drop
the ending and add –ide to the end Ex. Nitride, sulfide, fluoride, oxide,
bromide, iodide, chloride, telluride, phosphide
If it is a ternary compound; then, just write the name of the polyatomic ion.
Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Practice Naming Ionic CompoundsMnO2Ca (NO3)2BaSO4Cu3P2AgClB2O3MgCl2Ba (OH)2
Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Practice Naming Ionic Compounds-AnswersMnO2 – Manganese (IV) oxideCa (NO3)2 – Calcium nitrateBaSO4 – Barium sulfateCu3P2 – Copper (II) phosphideAgCl – Silver (I) chlorideB2O3 – Boron oxideMgCl2 – Magnesium chlorideBa (OH)2 – Barium hydroxide