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UN Agencies strategic approach to
Articles 17 and 18 of the WHO
FCTC
Geneva, 17 November 2017
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Articles of the Convention (1)
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Articles of the Convention (1)
Social disruption and poverty
linked to tobacco farming
• Unfair contractual
arrangements between farmers
and tobacco industry
• Child labour
• Loss of sole income if TI
moves to more profitable
countries or eventual decrease
in demand
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Articles of the Convention (2)
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Articles of the Convention (2)
Environment
• Deforestation
• Contamination of water
supplies due to pesticides
• Soil degradation
Health
• Green tobacco sickness
• Exposure to pesticides
• Respiratory effects due to
tobacco dust
• Injuries
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COP 6 Policy options and recommendations
– Comprehensive and multisectoral
policies
- Keeping coherence
• Between government sectors
• Between funding mechanisms and initiatives
- International cooperation
- International organizations involvement
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Meeting in Tanzania June 12-14
• Organized by WHOFCTC Convention Secretariat, FAO, UNDP and
WHO
• Participants:
– 14 countries
– UNICEF
– ILO (remote)
– IDRC
– ACS
– Fiocruz
Outcome of the meeting:
• Each country came out with action points
• Seven countries have made pilot project proposals to be executed in the coming
months
• UN Agencies also proposed action points:
- Increase awareness of art 17 and 18
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FAO’s engagement on FCTC Art 17-18
DECISION FCTC/COP7(10) Economically sustainable alternatives to tobacco
growing (in relation to Articles 17 and 18 of the WHO FCTC)
• 2. (c) to invite the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO) to include the promotion of
economically sustainable alternatives to tobacco growing as
part of its sustainable rural development agenda;
8
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Collaborations….
Results Partners Framework
FAO’s Rural livelihood
work
FCTC
Update of Tobacco Study
Art 17-18 Consultative
Process
WHO (TFI) Collaboration on Alternative
Livelihoods
9
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Collaborations….
Zimbabwe: Collaboration with the FCTC Secretariat
Malawi: Collaboration with the UNCTAD
Regional and national support by respective FAO offices
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Between 2000 and 2011, a quarter of
income growth in low- and middle-income
countries was attributed to health
improvements
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Sources: Schroeder,
SA. 2007. “We can
do better – improving
the health of the
American people.”
New Eng J Med,
357: 1221-8;
adapted from
McGinnis et al. 2002.
“The case for more
active policy
attention to health
promotion.” Health
Aff (Millwood), 21(2):
78-93.
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• Front-loading the transition costs
for farmers to move to other crops
• Non-farming livelihood activities
• Access to credit for farmers
• Market support for non-tobacco
crops
• Education support for children of
tobacco growers
• Environmental impact
mitigation and re-forestation efforts
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WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2017
Global launch
19th July 2017
Addressing WHO FCTC Art 17 and 18 from the perspective of Health
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Health & Economic Impact
Tobacco kills people prematurely
up to half of all tobacco users will die of tobacco-related causes – 7.2 million per year
Tobacco use imposes a heavy economic burden on the world
the cost of smoking alone is estimated to be US$ 1400 billion
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Health impact
Tobacco farming workers are often women and children.
In fact, up to 7 in 10 tobacco farm workers are women.
Tobacco growing and production can involve hazardous chemicals which endanger the health of workers (e.g. leading to green tobacco sickness and increased abortion rates).
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Pesticides used in tobacco growing and their potential harms
As a monocrop, tobacco plants are vulnerable to a variety of pests and diseases, prompting many farmers to apply large quantities of chemicals and pesticides, which harm human health and the environment.
Commonly used pesticides and herbicides include: ALDICARB, CHLORPYRIFOS, 1,3-DICHLOROPROPEN, IMIDACLOPRID, METHYL BROMIDE, CHLOROPICRIN, CARBARYL.
Tobacco workers often apply these highly toxic pesticides without appropriate protection.
Products affect brain and respiratory system and are cancer-causing; highly toxic to bees and other beneficial insects and certain bird species; persistent in the environment in soil and water.
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World No Tobacco Day 2017 theme: "Tobacco threatens us all"
main messages around four topics:
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New publication released on WNTD 2017:
Tobacco Life Cycle – From Cultivation to Consumer Waste
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The Impact of Tobacco Growing and Curing
Tobacco growing and curing cause deforestation, loss of biodiversity and land desertification. It is also extremely water and energy intensive
More than 11 million metric tonnes of wood are required annually for tobacco curing.
One tree is lost for every 300 cigarettes produced.
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Tobacco smoke pollutes indoor environments where third-hand smoke resulting from long-lasting residue after the cigarette has been extinguished, affecting infants and young children
Nicotine and tobacco byproducts end up in many solid-waste landfills or dumps which can then leach into its surroundings
Pollution from consuming tobacco products
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The waste generated in manufacture are some of the greatest sources of tobacco’s environmental damage
Up to 680 million kilograms of waste tobacco product litters the world each year.
Cigarette butts account for 30-40% of all items collected in costal and urban clean-ups.
Manufacturing and Post consumer waste
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