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Un-health Work
Only if you let it!
You hold the Keys to Safety
Just pick them up and apply yourknowledge
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O H & S Legislation
The purpose of the O H & S Act is to
assure so far as possible every working,
man and woman in the nation safe and
healthful working conditions and to
preserve our human resources.
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Routes of Entry
Inhalation
airborne contaminants
Absorption
penetration through the skin
Ingestion
eating
drinking
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O H & S Hierarchy of Control
Engineering controls
Work practice controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
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Types of Exposure
Acute
Short term period between exposure and onset of
symptoms Chronic
Long time period between exposure to an agent
and the onset of symptoms
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Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
O H & S
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
NIOSH
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
ACGIH
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists
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Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
O H & S
PEL, STEL, Ceiling
NIOSH
TWA, STEL, Ceiling
ACGIH
TWA, STEL, Ceiling
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Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
TWA
takes into account variable exposure through a full
shift, 8 hour work day STEL
limit of exposure during a short period, 15 minutes
CEILING absolute maximum level of exposure not to be
exceeded
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Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
Legally enforceable
O H & S PEL
O H & S AL (action level)
O H & S EL (excursion limit)
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Silica
Special Emphasis Program (SEP)
Special Emphasis Program--Silica
O H & Ss Industrial Hygiene initiative
Collaboration of O H & S Compliance andConsultation Programs
SiO2
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Why Target Crystalline Silica
Exposure? Widespread occurrence and use
Number of related deaths
Number of exposed workers
Health effects
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Occurrence and Use of Silica
SiO2 - basic component of sand, quartz &
granite
Quartz - 2nd most common mineral in the
earths crust
Airborne silica is produced by:
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Airborne silica is
produced by:
sandblasting
rock drilling
foundry work
stone cutting
drilling
quarrying
tunneling jack hammering
concrete manufacturing
demolition
asphalt pavement
manufacturing
Occurrence and Use of Silica
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Construction Targeting
jack hammering
rock drilling
abrasive blasting
concrete mixing
brick and concrete block or slab cutting
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Permissible Exposure Limit
(PEL) for Silica
10 mg/m3
% Quartz +2= ? mg/m3
PEL for respirable dust
containing a % silica.P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
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Silicosis Prevention Program
Medical surveillance program
baseline examination
medical and occupational history prior to exposure
every 5 years if < 20 years of exposure
every 2 years if > 20 years of exposure
baseline chest x-ray pulmonary function tests (PFT)
x-ray upon termination of employment
Source: O H & SSEPP bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
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Personal air monitoring program
Training and information on crystalline silica
Availability of air and medical surveillance data toworkers
Respiratory protection program
Source: O H & SSEP
Silicosis Prevention Program
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Hygiene facilities and clothing change areas
Recordkeeping
Personal exposures below the PEL OR
facility hasan abatement program that provides interim
worker protection
Housekeeping program
Regulated areas
Source: O H & SSEP
Silicosis Prevention Program
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Health Effects
Acute - intense crystalline silica exposure
Accelerated - more intense exposure over 5 to
15 years Chronic - 20 to 45 years prolonged exposure
to crystalline silica
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Common Hazard
Abrasive blasting
Paint removal
Renovation & demolition
Road repair
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Exposure Controls
Substitution
Coal slag (black beauty)
Steel grit
Aluminum oxide
Wild stuff (frozen CO2, walnut
shells, baking soda
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Exposure Controls
Wet Methods
Water suppression of dust
Very effective method
May be less efficient
Requires supply of water and clean up
Power tools with HEPA exhaust
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Examples in a Large World
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Cadmium
Blue-white metal
Grayish-white powder
Found in lead, copper, and zinc sulfide ores
Compounds
highly colored from brown to yellow and red
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Uses
electrode component in alkaline batteries
stabilizer in plastics
paints
Cadmium
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Short term exposure
irritation of upper respiratory tract
constriction of the throat
metallic taste
cough
flu-like symptoms
Cadmium
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Long term exposure
kidney damage
lung cancer
prostate cancer
Cadmium
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01/12/100
ScopeScope
All occupational exposure to cadmium
compounds
in all construction work
construction
alteration
repair
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01/12/100
Covered ActivitiesCovered Activities
Wrecking
Demolition
Salvage
Use of cadmium
containing paints
cutting, brazing,burning, grinding or
welding
Electrical grounding
w/cadmium
Installation ofcadmium products
Emergencies
Transportation,
disposal, and storage
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01/12/100
DefinitionsDefinitions
Action level (AL)
2.5 Qg/m3
Competent person (29 CFR 1926.32) determines presents of cadmium
regulated areas
access
PPE
training
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01/12/100
Permissible
Exposure Limit
Permissible
Exposure Limit
PEL = 5 Qg/m3
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01/12/100
Exposure MonitoringExposure Monitoring
Prior to performance
Exposure at or above the AL
relevant plans reports
MSDSs
other records
Frequency
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01/12/100
Initial MonitoringInitial Monitoring
As soon as practicable
Higher concentrations
monitor while conducting task Objective data
Documentation
> 5 Qg/m
3
< 5 Qg/m3
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01/12/100
Prohibited ActivitiesProhibited Activities
Eating
Drinking
Smoking Chew tobacco
Apply cosmetics
ORcarry such products into regulated areas
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01/12/100
Methods of ComplianceMethods of Compliance
Intermittent exposure
Exposure < 30 days per year
Engineering and work practice controls arenot feasible
reduce exposure to lowest level
PPE
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Methods of ComplianceMethods of Compliance
Employee
Rotation
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01/12/100
Compliance ProgramCompliance Program
Exposure > PEL
Written program
Review and update as necessary
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01/12/100
Other RequirementsOther Requirements
Hygiene areas and practices
Housekeeping
Medical Surveillance 30 or more days > action level
Communicating hazards
Recordkeeping
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Lead in
Construction Standard
SCOPE AND APPLICATION
Applies to all construction work where an
employee may be occupationally exposed tolead.
Excludes construction work covered in the
general industry standard.
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Lead in
Construction Standard
Applies to:
Demolition
Removal and
Encapsulation New construction,
alteration, repair, or
renovation
Installation of productscontaining lead
Lead contamination/
emergency cleanup Transportation,
disposal, storage
Maintenance
operations associated
with construction
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Selected Definitions
LEAD
Metallic lead
All inorganic lead compounds
Organic lead soaps
~ Excludes organic lead compounds. ~
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Selected Definitions
COMPETENT PERSON
ACTION LEVEL (AL) 30 Qg/m3
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
50 Qg/m3
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ALLOWABLE EXPOSURE (in
Qg/m3
)
400
# hours worked
Selected Definitions
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INITIAL DETERMINATION
To determine whether employees are exposed
at above the action level
May rely on historical data
May rely on objective data
Selected Definitions
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Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction
INITIAL DETERMINATION
TASK 1 TRIGGERS:
Exposure up to 500 Qg/m3 (10 x
the PEL)
Activities include:
manual demolition of structures, hand scrapping or
sanding, heat guns, power tool cleaning with dust
collection systems, spray painting
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INITIAL DETERMINATION
TASK 2 TRIGGERS: Exposure up to 2,500 Qg/m3 (>10 x
the PEL, but less than 2,500 Qg/m3 )
Activities include:
using lead containing mortar, cleanup where dryexpendable abrasives are used, rivet busting, power toolcleaning without dust collection systems,movement/removal of enclosures
Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction
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INITIAL DETERMINATION
TASK 3 TRIGGERS: Exposure > 2,500 Qg/m3 (>50 x the
PEL)
Activities include:
abrasive blasting, welding, cutting, torch burning
Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction
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POSITIVE INITIAL DETERMINATION
Exposure at or above the action level and below
the PEL Conduct monitoring representative of each exposed
employee
May use historical data
Additional monitoring - every 6 months
Document
Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction
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POSITIVE INITIAL DETERMINATION
Exposure at or above the PEL
Conduct monitoring representative of each exposedemployee
May use historical data
Additional monitoring - quarterly Document
Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction
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NEGATIVE INITIAL DETERMINATION
No exposure at or above the action level
Additional monitoring is not required unless
there is a change in:
equipment, process, control, personnel or task resulting
in levels at or above the action level
Document
Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction
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Methods Of ComplianceLead in Construction
Engineering Controls
Respiratory protection
Compliance program
Mechanical ventilation
Administrative controls
Good work practices
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Respiratory ProtectionLead in Construction
REQUIRED:
y While engineering and work practice controls arebeing installed or implemented
y During activities when engineering and work
practice controls are not feasible
y Where engineering and work practice controls arenot feasible to reduce exposures below PEL/AL
y In emergencies
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Must be provided whenever an employee requests
a respirator.
Must provide a PAPR whenever an employee
requests one and it is protective against the level of
exposure.
Respiratory ProtectionLead in Construction
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Exposure > PELLead in Construction
Respiratory protection
Personal protective equipment
Change rooms
Showers (where feasible in construction)
Eating facilities
Hand washing facilities
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HousekeepingLead in Construction
Maintain surfaces as free as practicable of
lead accumulation.
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Medical SurveillanceLead in Construction
INITIAL MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
Exposure > AL one day
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
Exposure > AL for more than 30 days per year
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Medical RemovalLead in Construction
Two blood lead levels > 50 Qg/dL
Return - < 40 Qg/dL
Benefits
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Employee TrainingLead in Construction
EXPOSUR
E > AL
ANNUALLY
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RecordkeepingLead in Construction
EXPOSURE DATA
At least 30 years
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
Duration of employment plus 30 years
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RecordkeepingLead in Construction
MEDICAL REMOVAL
At least duration of employment
OBJECTIVE DATA
30 years
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So are you
So are you picking up the keys or are still
hunting for the set
Can you fully apply the skills of your trade or
do you have to stumble around in the dark
ARE YOU AFRAID TO ASK THE QUESTIONS LIKE
I DONT KNOW CAN YOU SHOW ME