UNDERSTANDING ANOMALIES OF PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM IN INDONESIA: Patterns, Driving Forces, Impacts
Eko Prasojo, Defny Holidin, Desy HariyatiAGPA Conference 2013
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• Existing Condition of Reform
• Indicative Cases
• Patterns
• Driving Forces
• Impacts
• Further Challenges
EXISTING CONDITION OF REFORM
Features of Recent Administrative Reform
Pragmatic
Weak ideological
basis
Lack of Strategic
Vision
Undesignated
Donors’ interest-driven
Uncoordinated Development
Sporadic
Self-Initiatives
Fragmented in nature
Chronology of Administrative Reform
• Response to Pressures
• No matured strategic plan
Reactionary Reform
• Different Initiatives between agencies
• Local governments pioneered innovations
Trial Process of Reform • Grand design &
Road map available
• Integrated with Development Plan
More Institutionalized Reform
1998-2003
2010-now
2003-2010
Portrait of Indonesian Administration:
Organization Big structure and many unfit in their functions
Law & Regulation
Contradictive and many ambiguous regulations
Human Resource
Overstaffed and Understaffed at the same time
Problem of integrity
Business Process in
Public service
Unclear procedures, cost and time in public service; Improper service quality; many uncertainty and loopholes for corruption
Minset and Culture Set
No spirit and culture for producing innovation, creation, and invention
Challenge
Problems Remaining in Public Service Delivery
Representativeness
Information
Access
Redress
Corruption
• Costly• Distance with citizen• Insufficient Number• No complaint handling
• Unsuitable with public needs
Quality
• Discrimination based on kinship and political affiliation
• Bribery
• Lack of punishment for malpractice
• Lack of public service standard
• No clarity on price and procedures
• Lack of awareness in service quality
• Poor service quality
Approach of Administrative Reform in Indonesia
1. Construction or reconstruction of a state(Institutions or process of political and economic change)
2. Modernization of the state (administrative structure, managerial capacities, financial management, technological adequacy)
3. Reconfiguration of the role of the state(partnerships with private sector)
4. Revitalization of democracy (enhance public participation in policy making)
Indonesian Administrative Reform Program Logics
Macro
Mezzo
Micro
National Policies
Coordinating Macro and Micro Level
Organizational-level Reform (Agencies and Loc. Gov)
Goals
• Creating Corruption-Free Government
• Enhancing Performance Capacity and Accountability
• Improving Quality of Public Service
Goals
Areas of Change:• Mindset & Culture Set• Organization Restructuring• Re-regulation and Deregulation• Human Resources Development• Government Process Reengineering• Strenthening internal Oversight• Strenthening Performance Accountability• Public Service Innovation
9 Accelarated Administrative Reform Program
Rightsizing of Number of Civil Service and Redistribution
Open Recruitmentand Promotion System
Civil Service Professionalization
Compensation Reform
e-Government Enhancement
Improving service quality for better Trust and Invesment Climate
Transparency and Accountability Enhancement
Organization Restructuring
Efficiency of Ressourceand Budget
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How to Improve Public Service Delivery in Indonesia?
Service Manufacturing
Service Delivery
Improving Public Service Delivery
Administrative Reform Program
1. Public Service Law2. Ombudsman Law3. Information Disclosure Law
Achievements in Indexes
121st/187 HDI 2012
118th/176 CPI 2012
6.53/10 BTI 2012
38th/148 GCI 2013
GCI: Global Competitiveness IndexBTI: Bertelsmann Transformation IndexCPI: Corruption Perception IndexHDI: Human Development Index
INDICATIVE CASES
Integrated One-Stop Services
e-Services
Government Procurement
Integrated OSS: Problems
• Merely gathering different agencies in one place, fragmented mechanism remaining
• Partial authority of licensing delegated to OSS Body
• Working officers are on behalf of their agency in origins
• Too much domination of head of local government
E-Services
• e-citizen ID: single use (data inventory only) without any further electronic processing function
• e-Immigration: data inventory function prior application but manual passport processing
• e-procurement: simplifying processes to prevent bribery but uncontrolled self-estimation price prior to procurement process
Government Procurement
• Too rigid in procedures
• Lack of consideration of various functions held by different agencies/bodies
• Procurement in SOEs has to comply with Law 17/2003 on Public Finance
• bureaucratic accountably > professional
accountability
PATTERNSwhat are patterns of anomalies in public service reform in Indonesia?
Kinds of Problems Occurred
• fashionable services reform programs
• Individual earning benefit upon institutional loopholes
• gap between standards and actual practices
• too much complicated procedure rather than preventing corruption
• using public service reform programs against desired goals (conflict of interest)
DRIVING FORCESwhy have those patterns occurred?
Factors Determining Patterns
• Pragmatic, Image-making political will
• opportunistic principal-agent relations,
• mutualism symbiosis between officials and citizen
• Failed to get big picture of reform
• lack of consideration of precondition and contextual adaptability in reform replication
IMPACTS
how those anomalies implies to further public service delivery in Indonesia?
Consequences
• Stagnant improvement in public service delivery
• Too much efforts & budget, less results in public service improvements
• Low degree of ownership by the citizen to public service reform programs
Further Challenges
• Sustaining reform upon turning administration
• Creating strong leadership to leverage further public service reform
• Making reform agenda owned by entire citizen
• Decreasing sectored-egoism amongst government agencies
• Shifting institutional into behavioral approaches
• Initiating owned innovation in each agency
THANK YOU