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Understanding Shale Gas Development From drilling to end user…..
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Key Questions
• What is the development process and why is it important?
• Where are various materials, equipment & labor sourced, how are they handled on site, what happens to them after use?
• What are the implications of development – landowner, local business, workforce, community, environment?
• Are other technologies available and what are the trade-offs?
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Discussions Con*nue to Evolve • Informa(on sources varied, differing levels of accuracy and quality.
• Scien(fic process, scien(fic uncertainty. • Role of media and social media? • Dynamic, fast-‐paced change (technology, regula(ons and policies, markets, etc.).
• Polariza(on (is it growing?).
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Separa(on Oil, Gas, Water
Oil and/or Gas Reservoir
5,000-‐ 16,000 O deep
Well
Compression
Gas Trea(ng, Processing and Frac(ona(on
Water Injec(on Well
Natural Gas (Methane)
Home Hea(ng/Cooking
Electric Power
LNG (Liquefied and shipped)
Industrial Boilers/Furnaces Interstate Gas Pipelines
Gas
Oil Water
Petrochemical Plants
Ethane
Propane
Oil Refineries
Butanes
Natural Gasoline
Unleaded Gasoline
Diesel
Asphalt
Jet Fuel
Other
Glad Baggies
Plas(cs
Alcohols
Styrofoam
Other Chemicals Propane, Butanes, Gasoline's
Home Hea(ng, Cooking Transporta(on, Industrial fuel
CNG (Fleet Fuel, Buses, etc)
Interstate Oil Pipelines
Propane
Explora(on and Produc(on (Upstream) Gathering, Compression, Trea(ng, Processing, Transporta(on (Midstream) Petrochemical and Refining (Downstream)
Gathering Pipelines
Segments of the Oil and Gas Industry
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• Leasing • Legal • Seismic • Pad Development • Others…
Activities / Workforce • Leasing • Permitting • Legal
– Lawyers – Abstractors – Para-legal
• Civil engineering • Heavy construction • Logging & land clearing • Surveying • Mechanics • Fencing • Equipment Rental
General Operations
Upstream Development – Pre-Drilling
Activities / Workforce • Hospitality services
– Hotels – B&B’s – Restaurants – Convenience stores
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Fresh Water Impoundment
Access (Lease) Road
Well pad
Pipeline access
Compressor Sta(on
Upstream -> Siting Process
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M. Madden
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M. Madden
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Upstream -> Seismic
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Upstream Development - Drilling Activities / Workforce
• Heavy hauling • Auto Sales and Service • Water handling/ management • Environmental support • Machine/fabrication shops • General welding • Mechanics & Diesel technician • Compressor technician • Pipe threading • Pressure testing • Food service • Laundry
• Drilling • Casing • Cement • Solids management • Others…
General Operations
• Engineering • Employment pre-screening
• Workforce readiness • Hot shot • Hoses • Fluids • Wildlife Inventory
Activities / Workforce
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Upstream -‐> Drilling
Photo Courtesy Penn State Marcellus Center VIP Rig Tour
• Power Systems – Mechanical – Electrical – LNG / CNG
• Walking • “Double” or “Triple”
Large Rotary Rigs
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Upstream -‐> Drilling Pad
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• Steel Casing • Cement • Centralizers
Upstream -> Well Construction
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Activities / Workforce • Gas field roustabouts
• Employment pre-screening • Safety equipment • Food service • Local real estate
• Rail, river, and road • Service yards/buildings • Hot shot hauling • Environmental support • Permitting
• Diesel technician/mechanic • Equipment rental
• Proppants / Chemicals • Commercial Trucking
• Transloading/ storage/hauling
• Water management • Flowback iron
• Meters • ROW Work • Site Restoration • Pipes & valves
• Well stimulation • Water management • Proppant & chemical management • Others….
Activities / Workforce
General Operations
Upstream Development – Post-Drilling
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Upstream -> Completions
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Chemical Disclosure
Fracfocus.org
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Upstream-> Water Management
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Upstream-> Water Management
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Upstream-> Water Management
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Midstream
• Measurement • Gathering • Compression • Construction • Processing • Treating • Land reclamation • Transportation • Others…
General Operations • Construction/Fabrication
• Compressor stations • Processing facilities • Custody transfer
stations • Well head • Meter runs • Storage tanks
• Site reclamation • Machine shops • Earth moving • Commercial trucking • Service yards/buildings
Activities / Workforce
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Meter Runs Separators Production Tanks Pig Launchers Pig Receivers Pipe Risers
Midstream
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Midstream Gathering/Midstream
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Midstream Gathering/Midstream
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Midstream Gathering/Midstream
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Midstream Gathering/Midstream
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Midstream Gathering/Midstream
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Midstream
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Midstream
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Midstream Supply Chain Compressor Station
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Midstream Supply Chain
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Midstream Supply Chain
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Emerging Technologies - Utilization
Vehicle Conversion – Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG) – Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG)
Gas to Liquids (GTL) – New engine technologies – New Fuel Formulations – Increased R & D
Residential Gas Service
Downstream Manufacturing
– Paper – Steel – Glass
Petro-chemical – Ethane – Fertilizer – Fuel conversion
Power generation Others…
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Thank You
www.marcellus.psu.edu www.naturalgas.psu.edu
Mab Henderson [email protected] (570) 244-‐1128 Dave Messersmith [email protected] (570) 253-‐5970 x 4110
Photo Courtesy Penn State Marcellus Center