Download - UNIT 1: LESSON 3 AND 4 Lesson 3: Population dynamics Lesson 4: Interactions in Communities
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UNIT 1: LESSON 3 AND 4
Lesson 3: Population dynamicsLesson 4: Interactions in Communities
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MOVIN’ OUTBy Immigration and Emigration• Populations can grow bigger
or get smaller.• Immigration – when
individuals join a population.– Into a new population.– Population gets larger.
• Emigration – when individuals leave a population.– Exiting a population.– Population gets smaller.
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By Birth and Death• Birth = increase in population.• Death = decrease in population.• The number of births compared to the
number of deaths tells if a population is increasing or decreasing.
MOVIN’ OUT
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Population
Births
MOVIN’ OUT
Immigration Emigration
Deaths
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KNOW YOUR LIMITSResource Availability• Each environment has different
amounts of resources that living things need, such as food, water and space.
• Resources influence population size.
• If resources decrease then population size will decrease.
• If resources increase then population size will increase.
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Resource Availability• Carrying Capacity – the maximum number
of individuals of one species that the environment can support.
• Carrying capacity changes when the environment changes.
• Population crash = carrying capacity drops– Examples include: natural disasters like forest
fires, harsh weather, drought, etc.• Population growth = favorable
environmental conditions.– New food growth, great weather, etc.
KNOW YOUR LIMITS
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Limiting Population Size• Limiting Factor – a part of the environment
that keeps a population’s size at a level below its full potential.
• They can be living or nonliving things.• Abiotic Factor – nonliving parts that are
needed for survival.– Water, nutrients, soil, sunlight, temperature,
living space.• Biotic Factor – living organisms
interacting.
MAXIMUM CAPACITY
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ORGANISM INTERACTIONS
• Sometimes interactions can help one individual, harm another or help both.
• Competition – when 2 or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resources such as food, water, shelter, space, sunlight, etc.
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• Cooperation – occurs when individuals work together.
• It helps individuals get resources, which can make populations grow.
• Example: hunting in groups, stay close together for warmth, structured social order in bees and ants.
ORGANISM INTERACTIONS
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PREDATOR vs PREYFeeding Relationships• Predator – eats another animal.• Prey – an animal that is eaten.• An animal can be both predator and
prey!
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Feeding Relationships• Animals have adaptations that help aid
in survival.• Examples include: talons, claws, sharp
teeth, webs, camouflage, defense chemicals.
PREDATOR vs PREY
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Camouflage
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• If a prey population grows or shrinks, the number of predators the community can support changes as well.
PREDATOR vs PREY
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SYMBIOTIC REALTIONSHIPS
Living Together• Symbiosis – a close long-term relationship
between different species in a community.• They might benefit, be harmed or remain
unaffected.3 types• 1. Mutualism – Both organisms benefit.
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Living Together• 2. Commensalism – one benefits and the
other is unaffected.
• 3. Parasitism – One benefits and the other is harmed.– Parasite = benefits Host = one harmed
SYMBIOTIC REALTIONSHIPS