![Page 1: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 2: Map Skills(Chapter 3)
On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label
anything that would help a person to get from point A to point B.
![Page 2: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MAPS
• A model (representation) of the Earth• shows all or part of the round earth• a way to share knowledge and information about the
world• flat, printed documents, 2-D• made by cartographers (mapmakers) and
mathematicians• shown in different map projections
(different ways maps are drawn)
![Page 3: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Map Projections
• On-going controversy has been which projection accurately depicts the continents
• Because Earth is round, there is always some distortion on any flat map.
• A cartographer has to choose which projection best shows features(without distortion)
![Page 4: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Map ProjectionsMaps can have true (accurate) ….
• Directions• Distances• Areas• Shapes• HOWEVER, a map cannot have ALL of the
above correct at the same time!• Some map projections are better at some
features than others.
![Page 5: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Historically…
• Land ownership,
• political boundaries
• Travel: the “age of explorations”
How have maps been used in the past and in
the present?
![Page 6: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Map Projections
• At least 100 different types• Maps are used for
– Political– Travel– Commerce– Satellites
• We will learn the basics
![Page 7: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Map Projections
Three Types of Map Projections:
1. Mercator2. Gnomonic3. Polyconic
![Page 8: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mercator Projection• One continuous map• As if a piece of paper was wrapped around the planet• Shows whole world, but NOT extreme polar region
![Page 9: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mercator Projection
![Page 10: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mercator Projection
• Advantages– Directions are true– Nice, rectangular shaped map– Accurate near the equator– Latitude and longitude lines are
straight and parallel
![Page 11: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mercator Projection• Distorts areas near poles
• On a Mercator projection, Greenland appears stretched out, exaggerated in size
• About 500% larger than actual size.– (Greenland is in fact about the same size as Mexico.)
• Antarctica appears so large it is seemingly set for world domination on this scale!– (except it doesn’t have an army)
![Page 12: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gnomonic Projection
• A.K.A. planar projection• Circular in shape• Uses:
– Planning ocean and air voyages– Depicting polar regions
![Page 14: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Latitude lines are circleslongitude lines radiate from the center
![Page 15: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gnomonic Projection
• Advantages– Accurately shows the shortest
distance between two points.– Accurate for polar regions.
• Disadvantages– Distorts landmass shapes away from
the center point of the circle.
![Page 17: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Polyconic Projection
• Made as if a cone of paper was wrapped around Earth
![Page 19: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Polyconic Projection
• Used in Atlas
• Mapping large areas of land that fall in the middle latitudes
• Longitude meridians are straight,
latitude lines “fan out”
![Page 20: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Polyconic Projection
• Advantages– Reasonably Accurate
• Directions• Shapes• Areas
• Disadvantages– Latitude and longitude are curved slightly– Distortion increase away from standard
parallels– Oddly shaped map
![Page 22: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Globe Projection
• Advantages: – 3D– Shows true: Direction,
Distances, Areas, Shapes
• Disadvantages:– Expensive– Bulky to carry in your glove compartment
*The world's largest globe, with a circumference of 131 feet
![Page 24: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Map ProjectionsQuiz Time!
1. A country in the tropics should use a…
2. A country in the temperate zone (like U.S.A.) should use a…
3. A polar region should use a …
a. cylindrical (Mercator)
b. planar (gnomonic)
c. conical (polyconical)
![Page 25: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Synopsis of Map Projections
– Mercators are true at the equator and distortion
increases toward the poles– Conics are true along some parallel somewhere
between the equator and a pole and distortion increases away from this standard
– Gnomonics are true only at their center point, but generally distortion is worst at the edge of the map
![Page 26: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hemispheres
![Page 27: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What hemispheres do we live in?
![Page 28: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Latitude and Longitude
• To find an exact place on a map or on Earth, you need crossing lines that create an intersection (place where two lines meet)
• coordinates (numbers indicate a specific point) • grid system
– known as the latitude and longitude grid
![Page 29: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Latitude and Longitude
• Places can be exactly located using coordinates and plotting them on a “grid”
• latitude and longitude
• Measured in degrees, minutes and seconds
(360° 60' 60")
![Page 30: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Horizontal like rungs on a ladder
Long, tall vertical lines
![Page 31: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Latitude• Also called “parallels”• horizontal “rings” that circle around the globe.• They are equal distances apart.
1° degree of latitude = 65 miles or 111 km
• Go from 0° to 90° north (North Pole)
0° to 90° south (South Pole)
![Page 32: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Longitude• Also called meridians.• Meridians meet at the poles.• They are measured from zero or prime meridian.• Lines are measured going
east from 0° to 180° west from 0° to 180°
• Distances between longitude lines are NOT equal– At equator, 1o = 111 km (65 miles)– At 45°, 1o = 79 km ( 49 miles) – At the North pole, 1o = ZERO km!
![Page 34: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Prime Meridian• Located at the Royal Observatory in
Greenwich, England
• 0 degrees longitude
• Runs through countries such as United Kingdom, France, Spain, Algeria
Where on earth is 0° latitude and 0° longitude located?
In the Atlantic Ocean, about 360 miles south of Ghana
![Page 37: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Map Scale
• Maps are not drawn to the same scale as the world • There has to be an amount of reduction in size• Ratio of the distance between two points on the
map compared to the actual ground distanceMap Scale = Map Distance
Earth Distance
map distance : Earth (ground) distance
![Page 39: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3 types of map scales
![Page 40: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
3 types of map scales
• 1: 24000 map scale …
1 inch on the map = 24,000 inches on the ground! …
24,000 inches = 2000 feet
![Page 41: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
3 types of map scales
• 1:100,000 scale
1 cm = 100,000 cm …
or 1 kilometer on the surface
(about 0.62 miles)
![Page 42: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
A map of the world has a scale of1: 46,000,000 !!!!
![Page 43: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
U.S.A. Map would have a scale of1: 5,000,000
![Page 44: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• A map of Illinois
would have a scale of
1: 500,000
![Page 45: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
A map of Kendall County would have a scale of1: 62,500
![Page 46: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Oswego town map would have a scale of1: 1000
![Page 47: Unit 2: Map Skills (Chapter 3) On a piece of paper, draw a map from the high school (point A) to Kendall 10 Theater (point B). Please label anything that](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae534f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Large –scale map
• Shows a small area with a lot of detail.
• Good for urban areas, towns, streets or hiking.
• Example: 1:10,000
• Large enough to see details
Small-scale map
• Shows a LARGE area with very little detail.
• Good for world maps or large regions such as North America.
• Example: 1:1,000,000
• Too small to see details