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Unit 3: Atomic Structure
Ions: Cations, Anions and their Abbreviations
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After today, you will
be able to…•Describe how cations are made•Describe how anions are made•Show the appropriate
abbreviations for ions with mass, atomic numbers, and charge
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What is an Ion?
•An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
•Ions form when an atom gains or loses electrons.
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How to Write Ions•An ionic charge is written as a
sign (positive ‘+’ or negative ‘-’) followed by a number
•The number represents the amount of electrons gained or lost.
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Cations•An atom or group of atoms with a positive charge
•Metals lose electrons to become cations
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Cations• Have the same name as the
element that forms them, but different chemical properties.
• Ex: Sodium and Calcium–Na+1 = Sodium cation–Ca+2 = Calcium cation
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Anions•Atoms or groups of atoms
with a negative charge
•Nonmetals tend to form ions by gaining electrons
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Anions• The name of the anion is the
element name with “-ide” on the end
• Ex: Oxygen and Chlorine–O-2 = Oxide anion–Cl–1 = Chloride anion
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Easy Way to Remember
Ion formation is like dieting:
Losing (electrons) is positive (cations formed)Gaining (electrons) is negative (anions formed).
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Abbreviations…9 +2
Be4
7 +1
Li3
Mass Number
Atomic Number
Charge
Mass Number
Atomic Number
Charge
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Practice makes perfect!
ElementAbbrev.
Atomic Number
MassNumber
# of Protons
# of Neutro
ns
# of electron
s
S-2 16
7 10
17 35 18
Ca 20 40
16 32 16 18
N 14 7 7
Cl 17 18
20 20 18
16
40 +220
32
714 -3
3517
-1